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@ARTICLE{Wu:839892,
      author       = {Wu, Xue and Griessbach, Sabine and Hoffmann, Lars},
      title        = {{E}quatorward dispersion of a high-latitude volcanic plume
                      and its relation to the {A}sian summer monsoon: a case study
                      of the {S}arychev eruption in 2009},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {21},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07470},
      pages        = {13439 - 13455},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Tropical volcanic eruptions have been widely studied for
                      their significant contribution to stratospheric aerosol
                      loading and global climate impacts, but the impact of
                      high-latitude volcanic eruptions on the stratospheric
                      aerosol layer is not clear and the pathway of transporting
                      aerosol from high latitudes to the tropical stratosphere is
                      not well understood. In this work, we focus on the
                      high-latitude volcano Sarychev (48.1° N, 153.2° E),
                      which erupted in June 2009, and the influence of the Asian
                      summer monsoon (ASM) on the equatorward dispersion of the
                      volcanic plume. First, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission
                      time series and plume height of the Sarychev eruption are
                      estimated with SO2 observations of the Atmospheric Infrared
                      Sounder (AIRS) and a backward trajectory approach using the
                      Lagrangian particle dispersion model Massive–Parallel
                      Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC). Then, the transport and
                      dispersion of the plume are simulated using the derived SO2
                      emission time series. The transport simulations are compared
                      with SO2 observations from AIRS and validated with aerosol
                      observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive
                      Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). The MPTRAC simulations show
                      that about $4 \%$ of the sulfur emissions were transported
                      to the tropical stratosphere within 50 days after the
                      beginning of the eruption, and the plume dispersed towards
                      the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) through isentropic
                      transport above the subtropical jet. The MPTRAC simulations
                      and MIPAS aerosol data both show that between the potential
                      temperature levels of 360 and 400 K, the equatorward
                      transport was primarily driven by anticyclonic Rossby wave
                      breaking enhanced by the ASM in boreal summer. The volcanic
                      plume was entrained along the anticyclone flows and reached
                      the TTL as it was transported southwestwards into the deep
                      tropics downstream of the anticyclone. Further, the ASM
                      anticyclone influenced the pathway of aerosols by isolating
                      an "aerosol hole" inside of the ASM, which was surrounded by
                      aerosol-rich air outside. This transport barrier was best
                      indicated using the potential vorticity gradient approach.
                      Long-term MIPAS aerosol detections show that after entering
                      the TTL, aerosol from the Sarychev eruption remained in the
                      tropical stratosphere for about 10 months and ascended
                      slowly. The ascent speed agreed well with the ascent speed
                      of the water vapor tape recorder. Furthermore, a
                      hypothetical MPTRAC simulation for a wintertime eruption was
                      carried out. It is shown that under winter atmospheric
                      circulations, the equatorward transport of the plume would
                      be suppressed by the strong subtropical jet and weak wave
                      breaking events. In this hypothetical scenario, a
                      high-latitude volcanic eruption would not be able to
                      contribute to the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000415092300001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-17-13439-2017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/839892},
}