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@ARTICLE{Rack:839984,
      author       = {Rack, M. and Guo, H. Y. and Xu, G. S. and Xu, J. C. and
                      Liu, J. B. and Sun, Y. W. and Jia, M. N. and Yang, Q. Q. and
                      Zou, X. L. and Liu, H. and Ding, F. and Chen, J. B. and
                      Duan, Y. M. and Zheng, X. W. and Dai, S. Y. and Deng, G. Z.
                      and Chen, R. and Hu, G. H. and Yan, N. and Liu, S. C. and
                      Li, M. H. and Ding, B. J. and Wingen, A. and Huang, J. and
                      Luo, G. N. and Gong, X. Z. and Garofalo, A. M. and Wan, B.
                      N. and Liang, Yunfeng and Feng, W. and Wang, L. and Li, J.
                      and Gao, X. and Wang, M. and Xu, S. and Si, H. and Zhang, T.
                      and Zhang, B.},
      title        = {{E}vidence and modeling of 3{D} divertor footprint induced
                      by lower hybrid waves on {EAST} with tungsten divertor
                      operations},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {57},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1741-4326},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07554},
      pages        = {126054 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Three dimensional (3D) divertor particle flux footprints
                      induced by the lower hybrid wave (LHW) have been
                      systematically investigated in the EAST superconducting
                      tokamak during the recent experimental campaign. We find
                      that the striated particle flux (SPF) peaks away from the
                      strike point (SP) closely fit the pitch of the edge magnetic
                      field line for different safety factors q 95, as predicted
                      by a field line tracing code taking into account the helical
                      current filaments (HCFs) in the scrape-off-layer (SOL). As
                      LHW power increases, it requires the fuelling to be
                      increased e.g. by super molecular beam injection (SMBI), to
                      maintain a similar plasma density, which may be attributed
                      to the pump-out effect due to LHW, and may thus be
                      beneficial for EAST steady state operations. The 3D SPF
                      structure is observed with a LHW power threshold (P LHW ~
                      0.9 MW). The ratio of the particle fluxes between SPF and
                      outer strike point (OSP), i.e. ${{\Gamma }_{{\rm ion},{\rm
                      SPF}}}/{{\Gamma }_{{\rm ion},{\rm OSP}}}$ , increases with
                      the LHW power. Upon transition to divertor detachment, the
                      particle flux at the main OSP decreases, as expected,
                      however, the particle flux at SPF continues increasing, in
                      contrast to the RMP-induced striations that vanish with
                      increasing divertor density. In addition, we also find that
                      the in–out asymmetry of the 3D particle flux footprint
                      pattern exhibits a clear dependence on the toroidal field
                      direction (B  ×    ∇  
                      B  ↓  and B  ×    ∇   B↑).
                      Experiments using neon impurity seeding show a promising
                      capability in 3D particle and heat flux control on EAST.
                      LHW-induced particle and heat flux striations are also
                      present in the H-mode plasmas, reducing the peak heat flux
                      and erosion at the main strike point, thus facilitating
                      long-pulse operation with a new steady-state H-mode over
                      60 s being recently achieved in EAST.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000422828000002},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/aa8bf3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/839984},
}