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@INPROCEEDINGS{Junker:840041,
      author       = {Junker, Laura and Rascher, Uwe and Jaenicke, Hannah and
                      Muller, Onno},
      title        = {{D}etection of plant stress responses in aphid-infested
                      lettuce using non-invasive detection methods},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07607},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Lettuce cultures are prone to aphid infestations, but
                      consumer tolerance for aphids in fresh lettuce is close to
                      zero. To avoid losses of harvest due to aphids, lettuce
                      plants are routinely sprayed with pesticides, which is
                      costly and leads to high levels of pesticide residues in
                      lettuce. Typically, early aphid infestation of lettuce
                      cultures is not uniform, but shows a heterogeneous
                      distribution. An early identification of aphid-infested
                      lettuce plants prior to widespread infestation of whole
                      fields would allow for selective spraying which reduces the
                      use of pesticides. Although aphids have been shown to
                      trigger physiological adjustments in plants, optical
                      detection methods for aphid-infested lettuce plants have yet
                      to be developed. For other crop plants, aphid infestation
                      has been shown to change the optical properties of leaves
                      and canopies. Spectral reflectance measurements of wheat and
                      soybean revealed an increased reflectance in the visible
                      spectrum, but decreased reflectance in the near-infrared
                      (NIR) due to changed chlorophyll content and structural
                      characteristics of leaves. We will compare different
                      non-invasive detection techniques to determine suitable
                      indicators for the biotic stress response of lettuce plants.
                      As a first possible method, spectral reflectance
                      measurements will be explored, followed by chlorophyll
                      fluorescence measurements and thermal imaging. We will use
                      image-based approaches in the laboratory as well as point
                      measurements of field-grown plants with different
                      infestation intensities to identify suitable indicators for
                      the biotic stress response of plants to aphid infestation.
                      Ideally, we can determine specific spectral signatures that
                      are characteristic for aphid-infested plants. Our results
                      will be used in the interdisciplinary project
                      “Optimization of lettuce cultivation by high precision
                      detection and selective pesticide treatment of
                      aphid-infested plants” to select suitable sensors for the
                      detection of aphid-infested plants, which can be mounted on
                      a tractor and combined with a custom designed spraying
                      installation for small-scale application of pesticides. We
                      propose, that the early detection of aphid infestation and
                      selective spraying of infested plants contribute to a
                      reduced use of pesticides. On the long term, the developed
                      setup will contribute to reduce the costs and environmental
                      impact of pesticide treatments in lettuce cultivation.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2017-10-02},
      organization  = {IOBC-WBRS Meeting “Integrated
                       Protection in Field Vegetables”,
                       Salenbach (Switzerland), 2 Oct 2017 - 6
                       Oct 2017},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/840041},
}