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@ARTICLE{Qian:840045,
      author       = {Qian, Yunxian and Niehoff, Philip and Börner, Markus and
                      Grützke, Martin and Mönnighoff, Xaver and Behrends, Pascal
                      and Nowak, Sascha and Winter, Martin and Schappacher, Falko
                      M.},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of electrolyte additives on the cathode
                      electrolyte interphase ({CEI}) formation on
                      {L}i{N}i1/3{M}n1/3{C}o1/3{O}2 in half cells with {L}i metal
                      counter electrode},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {329},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07611},
      pages        = {31 - 40},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Traditional solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forming
                      additives of vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene
                      carbonate (FEC) and ethylene sulfite (ES) are studied with
                      respect to their impact on the formation and growth of the
                      cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer. T-half cells are
                      assembled and undergo three different electrochemical
                      investigation plans: after formation (0.1C, 5 cycles) and
                      long term cycling (0.1C, 5 constant current cycles + 1C,
                      100/150 constant current/voltage cycles), scanning electron
                      microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray
                      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and gas chromatography-mass
                      spectrometry (GC-MS) are combined to investigate morphology,
                      CEI composition, CEI thickness and aging products for cells
                      with different electrolyte systems. The obtained results
                      reveal a significant influence of these additives on the CEI
                      composition and CEI growth. With the help of SEM, it is
                      found that large areas of electrolyte decomposition products
                      are formed at the aged electrode surfaces (=after cycling),
                      with the exception when 2 $vol\%$ of FEC is added into the
                      reference electrolyte. From XPS measurements, CEI
                      thicknesses are calculated. The reference electrolyte with 2
                      $vol\%$ of FEC shows the thinnest layer after long time
                      aging (0.8 ± 0.2 nm). For the addition of 2 $vol\%$ of VC,
                      an incremental growth of the CEI thickness occurs from the
                      100th to 150th cycle (from 1.0 ± 0.1 nm to 2.9 ± 0.4 nm).
                      By correlating the CEI thickness values with the
                      electrochemical performance, it can be observed that for
                      lithium metal based half cells, the existence of a thinner
                      CEI layer corresponds to a better cycling behavior, with 2
                      $vol\%$ of FEC showing the highest discharge capacity of
                      114.4 ± 0.2 mAh/g after 150 cycles at 1C. GC-MS shows that
                      both VC and FEC help to prevent fast electrolyte aging.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000384852800005},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.023},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/840045},
}