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000008402 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1016/j.addr.2009.06.008
000008402 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000272600300014
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000008402 041__ $$aeng
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000008402 084__ $$2WoS$$aPharmacology & Pharmacy
000008402 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKagan, V.E.$$b0
000008402 245__ $$aMitochondrial targeting of electron scavenging antioxidants: Regulation of selective oxidation vs random chain reactions
000008402 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2009
000008402 300__ $$a1375 - 1385
000008402 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article
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000008402 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle
000008402 440_0 $$021861$$aAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews$$v61$$x0169-409X$$y14
000008402 500__ $$aThis work was supported by NIH Grants U19 AIO68021, HL70755, HD057587, NS061817, NORA 927Z1LU, PittGrid (http://www.pittgrid. pitt.edu) and la junta de Extremadura -Consejeria de Infraestructuras y Desarrollo Tecnologico- y el Fondo Social Europeo (Orden 2008050288).
000008402 520__ $$aEffective regulation of highly compartmentalized production of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation reactions in mitochondria requires targeting of small molecule antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes into the organelles. This review describes recently developed approaches to mitochondrial targeting of small biologically active molecules based on: (i) preferential accumulation in mitochondria because of their hydrophobicity and positive charge (hydrophobic cations), (ii) binding with high affinity to an intra-mitochondrial constituent, and (iii) metabolic conversions by specific mitochondrial enzymes to reveal an active entity. In addition, targeted delivery of antioxidant enzymes via expression of leader sequences directing the proteins into mitochondria is considered. Examples of successful antioxidant and anti-apoptotic protection based on the ability of targeted cargoes to inhibit cytochrome c-catalyzed peroxidation of a mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin, in vitro and in vivo are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the employment of triphenylphosphonium- and hemi-gramicidin S-moieties as two effective vehicles for mitochondrial delivery of antioxidants.
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000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aCytochrome c
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aCardiolipin
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aMitochondria
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aApoptosis
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aTriphenylphosphonium
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aMnSOD
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aPeroxidation
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aNitroxides
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aGramicidin
000008402 65320 $$2Author$$aS-conjugates
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAntioxidants: pharmacology
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aApoptosis: drug effects
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDrug Delivery Systems: methods
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aElectron Transport Complex I: metabolism
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFree Radical Scavengers: chemistry
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFree Radical Scavengers: pharmacokinetics
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMitochondria: drug effects
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMitochondria: metabolism
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aModels, Biological
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMolecular Structure
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOxidation-Reduction: drug effects
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOxidative Stress: drug effects
000008402 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aReactive Oxygen Species: metabolism
000008402 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aAntioxidants
000008402 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aFree Radical Scavengers
000008402 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aReactive Oxygen Species
000008402 650_7 $$0EC 1.6.5.3$$2NLM Chemicals$$aElectron Transport Complex I
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000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWipf, P.$$b1
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStoyanovsky, D.$$b2
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGreenberger, J.S.$$b3
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBorisenko, G.$$b4
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBelikova, N.A.$$b5
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aYanamala, N.$$b6
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSamhan Arias, A.K.$$b7
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTungekar, M.A.$$b8
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJiang, J.$$b9
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTyurina, Y.Y.$$b10
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJi, J.$$b11
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB44599$$aKlein-Seetharaman, J.$$b12$$uFZJ
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPitt, B.R.$$b13
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aShvedova, A.A.$$b14
000008402 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBayir, H.$$b15
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000008402 8567_ $$2Pubmed Central$$uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784017
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