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@ARTICLE{Klimov:840448,
      author       = {Klimov, N. S. and Podkovyrov, V. L. and Kupriyanov, I. B.
                      and Linke, J. and Pitts, R. A. and Safronov, V. M. and
                      Kovalenko, D. V. and Loewenhoff, Th. and Lungu, C. P. and
                      Pintsuk, G. and De Temmerman, G. and Muzichenko, A. D. and
                      Markin, A. A. and Taratorkin, P. N. and Zabirova, N. E. and
                      Zhitlukhin, A. M.},
      title        = {{B}eryllium {L}ayer {R}esponse to {ITER}-{L}ike {ELM}
                      {P}lasma {P}ulses in {QSPA}-{B}e},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07964},
      pages        = {433 - 440},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Material migration in ITER is expected to move beryllium
                      (Be) eroded from the first wall primarily to the tungsten
                      (W) divertor region and to magnetically shadowed areas of
                      the wall itself. This paper is concerned with experimental
                      study of Be layer response to ELM-like plasma pulses using
                      the new QSPA-Be plasma gun (SRC RF TRINITI). The Be layers
                      (1 → 50 µm thick) are deposited on special castellated Be
                      and W targets supplied by the ITER Organization using the
                      Thermionic Vacuum Arc technique. Transient deuterium plasma
                      pulses with duration ∼0.5 ms were selected to provide
                      absorbed energy densities on the plasma stream axis for a
                      30° target inclination of 0.2 and 0.5 MJm−2, the first
                      well below and the second near the Be melting point. This
                      latter value is close to the prescribed maximum energy
                      density for controlled ELMs on ITER. At 0.2 MJm−2 on W,
                      all Be layer thicknesses tested retain their integrity up to
                      the maximum pulse number, except at local defects (flakes,
                      holes and cracks) and on tile edges. At 0.5 MJm−2 on W, Be
                      layer melting and melt layer agglomeration are the main
                      damage processes, they happen immediately in the first
                      plasma impact. Melt layer movement was observed only near
                      plasma facing edges. No significant melt splashing is
                      observed in spite of high plasma pressure (higher than
                      expected in ITER). Be layer of 10 µm thick on Be target has
                      higher resistance to plasma irradiation than 1 and 55 µm,
                      and retain their integrity up to the maximum pulse number at
                      0.2 MJm−2. For 1 µm and 55 µm thick on Be target
                      significant Be layer losses were observed at 0.2 MJm−2.},
      cin          = {IEK-2 / IEK-4},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000417293300066},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2017.01.012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/840448},
}