TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Dongjiang
AU  - Danilov, Dmitri
AU  - Zwikirsch, Barbara
AU  - Fichtner, Maximilian
AU  - Yang, Yong
AU  - Eichel, Rüdiger-A.
AU  - Notten, Peter H. L.
TI  - Modeling the degradation mechanisms of C$_{6}$/LiFePO$_{4}$ batteries
JO  - Journal of power sources
VL  - 375
SN  - 0378-7753
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier
M1  - FZJ-2017-08235
SP  - 106 - 117
PY  - 2018
AB  - A fundamental electrochemical model is developed, describing the capacity fade of C$_{6}$/LiFePO$_{4}$ batteries as a function of calendar time and cycling conditions. At moderate temperatures the capacity losses are mainly attributed to Li immobilization in Solid-Electrolyte-Interface (SEI) layers at the anode surface. The SEI formation model presumes the availability of an outer and inner SEI layers. Electron tunneling through the inner SEI layer is regarded as the rate-determining step. The model also includes high temperature degradation. At elevated temperatures, iron dissolution from the positive electrode and the subsequent metal sedimentation on the negative electrode influence the capacity loss. The SEI formation on the metal-covered graphite surface is faster than the conventional SEI formation. The model predicts that capacity fade during storage is lower than during cycling due to the generation of SEI cracks induced by the volumetric changes during (dis)charging. The model has been validated by cycling and calendar aging experiments and shows that the capacity loss during storage depends on the storage time, the State-of-Charge (SoC), and temperature. The capacity losses during cycling depend on the cycling current, cycling time, temperature and cycle number. All these dependencies can be explained by the single model presented in this paper.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000418463700014
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.049
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/841135
ER  -