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@ARTICLE{Li:841135,
      author       = {Li, Dongjiang and Danilov, Dmitri and Zwikirsch, Barbara
                      and Fichtner, Maximilian and Yang, Yong and Eichel,
                      Rüdiger-A. and Notten, Peter H. L.},
      title        = {{M}odeling the degradation mechanisms of
                      {C}$_{6}$/{L}i{F}e{PO}$_{4}$ batteries},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {375},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-08235},
      pages        = {106 - 117},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A fundamental electrochemical model is developed,
                      describing the capacity fade of C$_{6}$/LiFePO$_{4}$
                      batteries as a function of calendar time and cycling
                      conditions. At moderate temperatures the capacity losses are
                      mainly attributed to Li immobilization in
                      Solid-Electrolyte-Interface (SEI) layers at the anode
                      surface. The SEI formation model presumes the availability
                      of an outer and inner SEI layers. Electron tunneling through
                      the inner SEI layer is regarded as the rate-determining
                      step. The model also includes high temperature degradation.
                      At elevated temperatures, iron dissolution from the positive
                      electrode and the subsequent metal sedimentation on the
                      negative electrode influence the capacity loss. The SEI
                      formation on the metal-covered graphite surface is faster
                      than the conventional SEI formation. The model predicts that
                      capacity fade during storage is lower than during cycling
                      due to the generation of SEI cracks induced by the
                      volumetric changes during (dis)charging. The model has been
                      validated by cycling and calendar aging experiments and
                      shows that the capacity loss during storage depends on the
                      storage time, the State-of-Charge (SoC), and temperature.
                      The capacity losses during cycling depend on the cycling
                      current, cycling time, temperature and cycle number. All
                      these dependencies can be explained by the single model
                      presented in this paper.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000418463700014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.049},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/841135},
}