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@PHDTHESIS{Kloss:841223,
      author       = {Kloss, Corinna},
      title        = {{C}arbonyl {S}ulfide in the {S}tratosphere: airborne
                      instrument development and satellite based data analysis},
      volume       = {399},
      school       = {Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-08315},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-276-4},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {vi, 84, 1-14 S.},
      year         = {2017},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Wuppertal, 2017},
      abstract     = {Carbonyl sulfide plays a crucial role in the global
                      atmospheric sulfur cycle and therefore for the global
                      climate. It is the most abundant sulfur containing gas in
                      the atmosphere during volcanic quiescence and is converted
                      to aerosol in the stratosphere, which has a cooling effect
                      on the climate. This work contributes to a better
                      understanding of the role of $\textbf{OCS}$ in the upper
                      troposphere and lower stratosphere. Satellite based data
                      were analyzed and a new instrument AMICA (Airborne
                      Mid-Infrared Cavity enhanced Absorption spectrometer) for
                      in-situ $\textbf{OCS}$ measurements on stratospheric
                      research aircraft was developed. $\textbf{OCS}$ data set
                      from the satellite based instrument ACE-FTS, the
                      stratospheric $\textbf{OCS}$ burden was calculated to be 524
                      Gg, which is 10 \% of the total atmospheric $\textbf{OCS}$
                      budget and is in agreement with a sulfur cycle model. No
                      trend in the global burden is observed between 2004 and
                      2016. Due to the sparse spacial coverage of the data set of
                      ACE-FTS, a sampling bias arises when computing
                      climatological averages over seasons and latitude bands.
                      This sampling bias is corrected for with a newly developed
                      procedure, using a mathematical interpolation. To estimate
                      the significance and magnitude of the bias for each data
                      point, the performance of the interpolation method was
                      tested and some limitations identified. Additionally, with
                      the ACE-FTS data set, a significant increase in
                      $\textbf{OCS}$ ($\textbf{CO}$ and $\textbf{HCN}$) mixing
                      ratios is observed in the Asian monsoon anticyclone, a
                      pathway from the highest polluted region on earth into the
                      stratosphere. An analysis of the $\textbf{HCN:OCS}$ ratios
                      supports the suggestion of a transport from the Bay of
                      Bengal region outside to the southern border of the
                      anticyclone with air masses in the Asian monsoon anticyclone
                      mostly originating from continental convection. The Asian
                      monsoon and the features seen with the ACE-FTS data set will
                      be investigated in detail with the new in-situ, high
                      resolution instrument AMICA during the EU-project
                      StratoClim. AMICA has been developed and tested as part of
                      this thesis. Important tests were made that contributed to
                      the mechanical design and measurement set up in the final
                      AMICA instrument. Key components include a box-shaped
                      pressure tight enclosure, a flow system that regulates the
                      cavity pressure over a wide ambient pressure range, spanning
                      the full altitude range of available research aircraft, and
                      the establishment of an $\textbf{OCS}$ calibration system.
                      AMICA successfully measured $\textbf{OCS}$ as well as
                      $\textbf{CO}$, H$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$$\textbf{O}$ during its
                      first campaign that comprised three flights from Kalamata,
                      Greece in summer 2016. $\textbf{OCS}$ measurements show
                      decreasing mixing ratios in the stratosphere as expected and
                      a larger variability in the UTLS region than expected. The
                      complete data set of the important tropospheric tracer
                      $\textbf{CO}$ was provided to the StratoClim community. A
                      comparison with a nearby ACE-FTS profile shows a reasonably
                      good agreement between AMICA and ACE-FTS in the
                      stratosphere. Further measurement flights in the UTLS region
                      will help understand the detected higher variability of
                      $\textbf{OCS}$ in the UTLS. This can improve the
                      representation of $\textbf{OCS}$ in global climate models.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/841223},
}