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@ARTICLE{Krekel:841740,
      author       = {Krekel, Daniel and Samsun, Remzi Can and Peters, Ralf and
                      Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{T}he {S}eperation of {CO}2 from {A}mbient {A}ir - {A}
                      {T}echno-economic {A}ssessment},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {218},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-00048},
      pages        = {361 - 381},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {This paper assesses the separation of CO2 from ambient air
                      from a technical and economic standpoint. Reducing CO2
                      emissions and their sequestration from the atmosphere is
                      vital to counteract ongoing climate change. The most
                      promising technological options for CO2 separation are first
                      identified by reviewing the literature and comparing the
                      most important technical and economic parameters. The
                      results point to amines/imines as adsorbing agents to
                      separate CO2 from ambient air. A system layout is then
                      designed and a technical analysis conducted by solving mass
                      and energy balances for each component. An economic analysis
                      is then performed by applying a specifically-developed
                      model. The total energy demand of the system discussed here
                      is calculated as 3.65 GJ/tCO2. This high energy demand
                      mainly derives from the system-specific implementation of
                      two compressors that compress air/CO2 and overcome the
                      pressure losses. The second-law efficiency calculated ranges
                      of 7.52–11.83 $\%,$ depending on the option of heat
                      integration. The costs of avoiding CO2 emissions vary
                      between $ 824 and 1333/tCO2, depending on the energy source
                      applied. The results of this work present higher values for
                      energy demand and costs compared to other values stated in
                      literature. The reasons for this deviation are often
                      insufficient and overoptimistic assumptions in other
                      literature on the one hand, but also relate to the specific
                      system design investigated in this paper on the other.
                      Further case studies reveal that enormous land requirements
                      and investments would be needed to reduce potential CO2
                      quantities in the atmosphere to contemporary levels. A
                      comparison between CO2 removal from the atmosphere and
                      carbon capture and storage technology for coal power plants
                      shows that this technology is not yet able to economically
                      compete with carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, the
                      impact of CO2 separation on the production costs of
                      industrial commodities like cement and steel demonstrates
                      that CO2 removal from the atmosphere is not yet a viable
                      alternative to solving the climate change problem. In the
                      long-term, CO2 separation from ambient air may still play an
                      important role in the sequestration of CO2 from diluted and
                      dispersed sources, as the technology has the potential for
                      significant further development and optimization},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000430994500031},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.144},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/841740},
}