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@ARTICLE{Meunier:841757,
      author       = {Meunier, Félicien and Couvreur, Valentin and Draye, Xavier
                      and Zarebanadkouki, Mohsen and Vanderborght, Jan and Javaux,
                      Mathieu},
      title        = {{W}ater movement through plant roots – exact solutions of
                      the water flow equation in roots with linear or exponential
                      piecewise hydraulic properties},
      journal      = {Hydrology and earth system sciences},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1607-7938},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-00061},
      pages        = {6519 - 6540},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In 1978, Landsberg and Fowkes presented a solution of the
                      water flow equation inside a root with uniform hydraulic
                      properties. These properties are root radial conductivity
                      and axial conductance, which control, respectively, the
                      radial water flow between the root surface and xylem and the
                      axial flow within the xylem. From the solution for the xylem
                      water potential, functions that describe the radial and
                      axial flow along the root axis were derived. These solutions
                      can also be used to derive root macroscopic parameters that
                      are potential input parameters of hydrological and crop
                      models. In this paper, novel analytical solutions of the
                      water flow equation are developed for roots whose hydraulic
                      properties vary along their axis, which is the case for most
                      plants. We derived solutions for single roots with linear or
                      exponential variations of hydraulic properties with distance
                      to root tip. These solutions were subsequently combined to
                      construct single roots with complex hydraulic property
                      profiles. The analytical solutions allow one to verify
                      numerical solutions and to get a generalization of the
                      hydric behaviour with the main influencing parameters of the
                      solutions. The resulting flow distributions in heterogeneous
                      roots differed from those in uniform roots and simulations
                      led to more regular, less abrupt variations of xylem suction
                      or radial flux along root axes. The model could successfully
                      be applied to maize effective root conductance measurements
                      to derive radial and axial hydraulic properties. We also
                      show that very contrasted root water uptake patterns arise
                      when using either uniform or heterogeneous root hydraulic
                      properties in a soil–root model. The optimal root radius
                      that maximizes water uptake under a carbon cost constraint
                      was also studied. The optimal radius was shown to be highly
                      dependent on the root hydraulic properties and close to
                      observed properties in maize roots. We finally used the
                      obtained functions for evaluating the impact of root
                      maturation versus root growth on water uptake. Very diverse
                      uptake strategies arise from the analysis. These solutions
                      open new avenues to investigate for optimal
                      genotype–environment–management interactions by
                      optimization, for example, of plant-scale macroscopic
                      hydraulic parameters used in ecohydrogolocial models.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000418431400001},
      doi          = {10.5194/hess-21-6519-2017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/841757},
}