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@ARTICLE{Li:843772,
      author       = {Li, Ruiyu and Cai, Yun and Wippermann, Klaus and Lehnert,
                      Werner},
      title        = {{C}orrosion and {E}lectrical {P}roperties of {SS}316{L}
                      {M}aterials in a {S}imulated {HT}-{PEFC} {E}nvironment},
      journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
      volume       = {165},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {0013-4651},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Electrochemical Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01315},
      pages        = {C681 - C688},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Increasing attention is being paid to the use of metallic
                      materials as a replacement for non-porous graphite in the
                      bipolar plates of polymer membrane fuel cells, including
                      high-temperature polymer membrane fuel cells (HT-PEFCs).
                      This work investigates the corrosion and electrical
                      properties of SS316L stainless steel in the simulated anode
                      and cathode environments of HT-PEFCs. The influence of gases
                      on the free corrosion potential (Ecorr), free corrosion
                      current (icorr) and dynamic formation of passive layers were
                      analyzed in 85 $wt\%$ phosphoric acid at RT and 130°C by
                      means of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests, together
                      with open circuit potential (OCP) measurements. The working
                      potential of the anode (0.05V) is located in the active
                      corrosion region, while the working potential of the cathode
                      (0.65V) is located in the passive corrosion region. The
                      potentiostatic tests show that the corrosion rate of SS316L
                      in the simulated anode environment of an HT-PEFC is 10 times
                      higher than that in the simulated cathode environment of an
                      HT-PEFC. The free corrosion potentials, immediately noted
                      after potentiostatic tests, show that the existence of
                      oxygen could improve the stability of the passive layer
                      formed during the potentiostatic stage. Scanning electron
                      microscopy (SEM) results showed different morphologies of
                      the corroded surface. Inductively-coupled plasma optical
                      emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and interfacial contact
                      resistance (ICR) was then used to determine the levels of
                      metal ions in the solution after corrosion and the influence
                      of the passive layer on the ICR of metallic bipolar-plates
                      separately made from SS316L. X-ray photoelectron
                      spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the distribution
                      of elements on the surface of samples before and after the
                      corrosion tests. These ex-situ measurements showed that in
                      the anode environment, SS316L undergoes active corrosion,
                      which results in a higher level of leaching metal ions and
                      lower value of ICR compared to that in a cathode
                      environment, which has a passive corrosion environment. The
                      specimen in the cathode environment showed lower values of
                      ICR and the number of leaching metal ions when exposed to
                      oxygen compared with the nitrogen atmosphere. The passive
                      layer formed in a simulated cathode environment with an
                      oxygen purge shows the best corrosion resistance within hot
                      phosphoric acid. The XPS results indicate that this is a
                      Cr-rich layer. The thickness of the surface films was
                      estimated to range from 1.1–2.2 nm.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000441061800070},
      doi          = {10.1149/2.1221810jes},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843772},
}