000843891 001__ 843891 000843891 005__ 20210129232717.0 000843891 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41598-018-21623-3 000843891 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/17467 000843891 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:29467438 000843891 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000425590600057 000843891 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:33582293 000843891 037__ $$aFZJ-2018-01418 000843891 041__ $$aEnglish 000843891 082__ $$a000 000843891 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBessarab, Pavel F.$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000843891 245__ $$aLifetime of racetrack skyrmions 000843891 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2018 000843891 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000843891 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000843891 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1519390835_11427 000843891 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000843891 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000843891 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000843891 520__ $$aThe skyrmion racetrack is a promising concept for future information technology. There, binary bits are carried by nanoscale spin swirls–skyrmions–driven along magnetic strips. Stability of the skyrmions is a critical issue for realising this technology. Here we demonstrate that the racetrack skyrmion lifetime can be calculated from first principles as a function of temperature, magnetic field and track width. Our method combines harmonic transition state theory extended to include Goldstone modes, with an atomistic spin Hamiltonian parametrized from density functional theory calculations. We demonstrate that two annihilation mechanisms contribute to the skyrmion stability: At low external magnetic field, escape through the track boundary prevails, but a crossover field exists, above which the collapse in the interior becomes dominant. Considering a Pd/Fe bilayer on an Ir(111) substrate as a well-established model system, the calculated skyrmion lifetime is found to be consistent with reported experimental measurements. Our simulations also show that the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of escape depends only weakly on the external magnetic field, whereas the pre-exponential factor for collapse is strongly field dependent. Our results open the door for predictive simulations, free from empirical parameters, to aid the design of skyrmion-based information technology. 000843891 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-142$$a142 - Controlling Spin-Based Phenomena (POF3-142)$$cPOF3-142$$fPOF III$$x0 000843891 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143$$a143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)$$cPOF3-143$$fPOF III$$x1 000843891 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)165751$$aMüller, Gideon P.$$b1 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLobanov, Igor S.$$b2 000843891 7001_ $$00000-0002-3577-7966$$aRybakov, Filipp N.$$b3 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)145390$$aKiselev, Nikolai S.$$b4 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJónsson, Hannes$$b5 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aUzdin, Valery M.$$b6 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130548$$aBlügel, Stefan$$b7 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBergqvist, Lars$$b8 000843891 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDelin, Anna$$b9$$eCorresponding author 000843891 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2615211-3$$a10.1038/s41598-018-21623-3$$gVol. 8, no. 1, p. 3433$$n1$$p3433$$tScientific reports$$v8$$x2045-2322$$y2018 000843891 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843891/files/s41598-018-21623-3.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000843891 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843891/files/s41598-018-21623-3.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yOpenAccess 000843891 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843891/files/s41598-018-21623-3.jpg?subformat=icon-1440$$xicon-1440$$yOpenAccess 000843891 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843891/files/s41598-018-21623-3.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180$$yOpenAccess 000843891 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843891/files/s41598-018-21623-3.jpg?subformat=icon-640$$xicon-640$$yOpenAccess 000843891 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843891/files/s41598-018-21623-3.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yOpenAccess 000843891 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:843891$$pdnbdelivery$$pdriver$$pVDB$$popen_access$$popenaire 000843891 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)165751$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b1$$kFZJ 000843891 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)145390$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b4$$kFZJ 000843891 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)130548$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b7$$kFZJ 000843891 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-142$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-140$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-100$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF3$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bEnergie$$lFuture Information Technology - Fundamentals, Novel Concepts and Energy Efficiency (FIT)$$vControlling Spin-Based Phenomena$$x0 000843891 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-140$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-100$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF3$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bEnergie$$lFuture Information Technology - Fundamentals, Novel Concepts and Energy Efficiency (FIT)$$vControlling Configuration-Based Phenomena$$x1 000843891 9141_ $$y2018 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1050$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBIOSIS Previews 000843891 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBY4$$2HGFVOC$$aCreative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1040$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bZoological Record 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bSCI REP-UK : 2015 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9905$$2StatID$$aIF >= 5$$bSCI REP-UK : 2015 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0501$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ Seal 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0500$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0110$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0111$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0310$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bNCBI Molecular Biology Database 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline 000843891 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bThomson Reuters Master Journal List 000843891 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406$$kIAS-1$$lQuanten-Theorie der Materialien$$x0 000843891 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106$$kPGI-1$$lQuanten-Theorie der Materialien$$x1 000843891 9201_ $$0I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$$kJARA-FIT$$lJARA-FIT$$x2 000843891 9201_ $$0I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$$kJARA-HPC$$lJARA - HPC$$x3 000843891 980__ $$ajournal 000843891 980__ $$aVDB 000843891 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000843891 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 000843891 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 000843891 980__ $$aI:(DE-82)080009_20140620 000843891 980__ $$aI:(DE-82)080012_20140620 000843891 9801_ $$aFullTexts