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@ARTICLE{Bahadur:843901,
      author       = {Bahadur, Jitendra and Ruppert, Leslie F. and Pipich,
                      Vitaliy and Sakurovs, Richard and Melnichenko, Yuri B.},
      title        = {{P}orosity of the {M}arcellus {S}hale: {A} contrast
                      matching small-angle neutron scattering study},
      journal      = {International journal of coal geology},
      volume       = {188},
      issn         = {0166-5162},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01428},
      pages        = {156 - 164},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Neutron scattering techniques were used to determine the
                      effect of mineral matter on the accessibility of water and
                      toluene to pores in the Devonian Marcellus Shale. Three
                      Marcellus Shale samples, representing quartz-rich,
                      clay-rich, and carbonate-rich facies, were examined using
                      contrast matching small-angle neutron scattering (CM-SANS)
                      at ambient pressure and temperature. Contrast matching
                      compositions of H2O, D2O and toluene, deuterated toluene
                      were used to probe open and closed pores of these three
                      shale samples. Results show that although the mean pore
                      radius was approximately the same for all three samples, the
                      fractal dimension of the quartz-rich sample was higher than
                      for the clay-rich and carbonate-rich samples, indicating
                      different pore size distributions among the samples. The
                      number density of pores was highest in the clay-rich sample
                      and lowest in the quartz-rich sample. Contrast matching with
                      water and toluene mixtures shows that the accessibility of
                      pores to water and toluene also varied among the samples. In
                      general, water accessed approximately $70–80\%$ of the
                      larger pores (>80 nm radius) in all three samples. At
                      smaller pore sizes (~5–80 nm radius), the fraction of
                      accessible pores decreases. The lowest accessibility to both
                      fluids is at pore throat size of ~25 nm radii with the
                      quartz-rich sample exhibiting lower accessibility than the
                      clay- and carbonate-rich samples. The mechanism for this
                      behaviour is unclear, but because the mineralogy of the
                      three samples varies, it is likely that the inaccessible
                      pores in this size range are associated with organics and
                      not a specific mineral within the samples. At even smaller
                      pore sizes (~<2.5 nm radius), in all samples, the fraction
                      of accessible pores to water increases again to
                      approximately $70–80\%.$ Accessibility to toluene
                      generally follows that of water; however, in the smallest
                      pores (~<2.5 nm radius), accessibility to toluene
                      decreases, especially in the clay-rich sample which contains
                      about $30\%$ more closed pores than the quartz- and
                      carbonate-rich samples. Results from this study show that
                      mineralogy of producing intervals within a shale reservoir
                      can affect accessibility of pores to water and toluene and
                      these mineralogic differences may affect hydrocarbon storage
                      and production and hydraulic fracturing characteristics.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS3-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000428831300013},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.02.002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/843901},
}