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@ARTICLE{Makselon:844156,
      author       = {Makselon, Joanna and Siebers, Nina and Meier, Florian and
                      Vereecken, Harry and Klumpp, Erwin},
      title        = {{R}ole of rain intensity and soil colloids in the retention
                      of surfactant-stabilized silver nanoparticles in soil},
      journal      = {Environmental pollution},
      volume       = {238},
      issn         = {0269-7491},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01622},
      pages        = {1027-1034},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Undisturbed outdoor lysimeters containing arable loamy sand
                      soil were used to examine the influence of either heavy rain
                      events (high frequency of high rain intensity), steady rain
                      (continuous rainfall of low rain intensity), and natural
                      rainfall on the transport and retention of
                      surfactant-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In
                      addition, the AgNP–soil associations within the Ap horizon
                      were analyzed by means of particle-size fractionation,
                      asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with
                      UV/Vis-detection and inductively coupled plasma mass
                      spectrometer (AF4-UV/Vis-ICP-MS), and transmission electron
                      microscopy coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX)
                      analyzer. The results showed that AgNP breakthrough for all
                      rain events was less than $0.1\%$ of the total AgNP mass
                      applied, highlighting that nearly all AgNP were retained in
                      the soil. Heavy rain treatment and natural rainfall revealed
                      enhanced AgNP transport within the Ap horizon, which was
                      attributed to the high pore water flow velocities and to the
                      mobilization of AgNP–soil colloid associations.
                      Particle-size fractionation of the soil revealed that AgNP
                      were present in each size fraction and therefore indicated
                      strong associations between AgNP and soil. In particular,
                      water-dispersible colloids (WDC) in the size range of
                      0.45–0.1 μm were found to exhibit high potential for
                      AgNP attachment. The AF4-UV/Vis-ICP-MS and TEM-EDX analyses
                      of the WDC fraction confirmed that AgNP were persistent in
                      soil and associated to soil colloids (mainly composed of Al,
                      Fe, Si, and organic matter). These results confirm the
                      particularly important role of soil colloids in the
                      retention and remobilization of AgNP in soil. Furthermore,
                      AF4-UV/Vis-ICP-MS results indicated the presence of single,
                      homo-aggregated, and small AgNP probably due to
                      dissolution.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29449114},
      UT           = {WOS:000434754600108},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844156},
}