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@ARTICLE{Rasiski:844183,
      author       = {Rasiński, M. and Kreter, A. and Möller, S. and Schlummer,
                      T. and Martynova, Y. and Brezinsek, S. and Linsmeier, Ch},
      title        = {{T}he microstructure of reduced activation
                      ferritic/martensitic ({RAFM}) steels exposed to {D} plasma
                      with different seeding impurities},
      journal      = {Physica scripta},
      volume       = {T170},
      issn         = {1402-4896},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IoP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01635},
      pages        = {014036 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {EUROFER, P92 steel and iron samples were exposed in the
                      linear plasma generator PSI-2 at a sample temperature of
                      about 470–500 K with an incident ion flux of about 3–5
                      × 1021 m−2 s−1, an incident ion fluence of 1 × 1026
                      m−2 and an incident ion energy of 60–70 eV. Samples were
                      exposed to deuterium plasma and with additional seeding
                      impurities of He, Ar, Ne, Kr or Kr + He. Laterally averaged
                      surface W enrichment varied between 0.6 and 6 $at.\%,$
                      depending on the exposure conditions, measured by energy
                      dispersive x-ray spectroscopy with low energy electron beam
                      and Rutherford backscattered spectroscopy. Microstructure
                      observation revealed a complex morphology depending on the
                      plasma composition. W enrichment was mostly located in the
                      spike nano structures. Addition of He to the plasma rounded
                      and enlarged the spikes on the surface whereas addition of
                      heavier species to the plasma resulted in smoothing the
                      steels surface. In case of steel samples exposed to D + He
                      plasma, fine nano-bubbles with sizes below 3 nm were found
                      near the sample surface. Sputtering rate increases by one
                      order of magnitude by Ar and Ne seeding and by two orders of
                      magnitude by Kr seeding for both types of steels. Measured D
                      retention increases with He addition and decreases with
                      higher-Z species seeding.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000414120500036},
      doi          = {10.1088/1402-4896/aa8de5},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844183},
}