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@ARTICLE{Shams:844206,
      author       = {Shams, Fatemeh and Kashefi, M. and Schmitz-Antoniak,
                      Carolin},
      title        = {{R}ietveld structure refinement to optimize the correlation
                      between cation disordering and magnetic features of
                      {C}o{F}e$_2${O}$_4$ nanoparticles},
      journal      = {New journal of chemistry},
      volume       = {42},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1369-9261},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01658},
      pages        = {3050 - 3062},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The structural properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
                      have significant effects on their magnetic behavior. In the
                      current study, we thoroughly scrutinized and optimized the
                      structural characteristics of CoFe$_2$O$_4$ nanoparticles
                      and the correlation with their magnetic properties as a
                      function of the synthesis parameters using Rietveld
                      structure refinement. Nanoparticles were synthesized using
                      co-precipitation method based on design of experiments and
                      then characterized using X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample
                      magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy
                      dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses.Based on response
                      surface methodology studies, we identified factors that had
                      an effect on the structural and magnetic features. In order
                      to reach maximum magnetization, the cations distribution was
                      optimized, and the pH amount and reaction temperature were
                      identified as the most influential factors.We observed that
                      the initial cation ratio of Co$^{2+}$/Fe$^{3+}$ sharply
                      affected the cations distribution, which was subsequently
                      involved in the different structural characteristics and
                      magnetization of nanoparticles. Thiscan be attributed to the
                      hybrid structure formation and magnetic exchange
                      interactions of cations. Finally, the maximum magnetization
                      was achieved at the optimum cations distribution of
                      (Co$_{0.32}$Fe$_{0.68}$)(Co$_{0.70}$Fe$_{1.30}$)O$_4$, where
                      the difference between distributed cobalt cations in
                      tetrahedral and octahedral sites was minimum.},
      cin          = {PGI-6},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-6-20110106},
      pnm          = {522 - Controlling Spin-Based Phenomena (POF3-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-522},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000424970300082},
      doi          = {10.1039/C7NJ04934J},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844206},
}