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000844247 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s00723-018-0983-4
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000844247 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)161422$$aSun, Ruoheng$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000844247 245__ $$aSecondary-Phase Formation in Spinel-type LiMn2O4-Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries – Quantifying Trace Amounts of Li2MnO3 by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
000844247 260__ $$aWien [u.a.]$$bSpringer$$c2018
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000844247 520__ $$aSpinel-type lithium manganese oxides are considered as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Trace amounts of Li2MnO3 usually occur as a secondary phase in lithium-manganese spinels in the common high-temperature, solid-state synthesis, affecting the overall Li–Mn stoichiometry in the spinel phase and thereby the electrochemical performance. However, the formation of Li2MnO3 lower than 1 wt.% can hardly be quantified by the conventional analytical techniques. In this work, we synthesized lithium-manganese spinels with different Li/Mn molar ratios and demonstrate that electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) enables quantifying trace amounts of Li2MnO3 below 10−2 wt.% in the synthesized products. The results reveal that the formation of Li2MnO3 secondary phase is favored by lithium excess in the synthesis. Based on the quantitative evaluation of the EPR data, precise determining Li–Mn stoichiometry in the spinel phase in Li1+xMn2−xO4 materials can be assessed. Accordingly, it is possible to estimate the amount of lithium on 16d-sites in the Li-rich manganese spinels.
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000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)156296$$aJakes, Peter$$b1
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)165985$$aEurich, Svitlana$$b2
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)144939$$avan Holt, Désirée$$b3
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aYang, Shuo$$b4
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHomberger, Melanie$$b5
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSimon, Ulrich$$b6
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)157700$$aKungl, Hans$$b7
000844247 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)156123$$aEichel, Rüdiger-A.$$b8
000844247 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1480644-7$$a10.1007/s00723-018-0983-4$$n4$$p415-427$$tApplied magnetic resonance$$v49$$x0937-9347$$y2018
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