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@ARTICLE{Koch:844592,
      author       = {Koch, Maximilian and Kruse, Jens and Eichler-Löbermann,
                      Bettina and Zimmer, Dana and Willbold, Sabine and Leinweber,
                      Peter and Siebers, Nina},
      title        = {{P}hosphorus stocks and speciation in soil profiles of a
                      long-term fertilizer experiment: {E}vidence from sequential
                      fractionation, {P} {K} -edge {XANES}, and 31 {P} {NMR}
                      spectroscopy},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {316},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01996},
      pages        = {115 - 126},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Agricultural productivity depends on the use of phosphorus
                      (P) of which not only the topsoil, but also the subsoil, can
                      hold immense stocks. To assess their importance for plant
                      nutrition, we compared the P status of Stagnic Cambisol
                      profiles in experimental plots that received different P
                      fertilizer applications for 16 years. Sequential
                      fractionation was combined with P K-edge X-ray absorption
                      near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and liquid 31P
                      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify
                      the chemical P speciation. Fertilized topsoils showed P
                      stocks larger by a factor of 1.2 to 1.4, and subsoil stocks
                      larger by a factor of 1.3 to 1.5 than the control. P-XANES
                      revealed the predominance of mainly inorganic P species,
                      such as moderately labile Fe- (46 to $92\%),$ Al- (0 to
                      $40\%)$ and Ca- (0 to $21\%)$ P compounds besides organic P
                      (0 to $12\%).$ This was supported by 31P NMR with decreasing
                      proportions of orthophosphate monoesters from topsoil (20 to
                      $28\%)$ towards the second subsoil layer (7 to $13\%).$ In
                      summary, fertilizer application maintained or increased P
                      stocks but only slightly altered the P speciation throughout
                      the profiles. The kind of fertilizers had no significant
                      effect on soil P, only affecting the inorganic P pools. Our
                      findings proved that subsoil P stocks are potentially
                      important contributors to plant nutrition, but their
                      accessibility must be assessed for improved soil P tests and
                      reduced fertilizer recommendations.},
      cin          = {IBG-3 / ZEA-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000424179300012},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.12.003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844592},
}