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@ARTICLE{Jackson:844624,
      author       = {Jackson, D. R. and Gadian, A. and Hindley, N. P. and
                      Hoffmann, L. and Hughes, J. and King, J. and Moffat-Griffin,
                      T. and Moss, A. C. and Ross, A. N. and Vosper, S. B. and
                      Wright, C. J. and Mitchell, N. J.},
      title        = {{T}he {S}outh {G}eorgia {W}ave {E}xperiment ({SG}-{WEX})
                      – a means for improved analysis of gravity waves and
                      low-level wind impacts generated from mountainous islands},
      journal      = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
      volume       = {99},
      issn         = {1520-0477},
      address      = {Boston, Mass.},
      publisher    = {ASM},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02023},
      pages        = {1027–1040},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in many
                      atmospheric processes. However, the observation-based
                      understanding of GWs is limited, and representing them in
                      numerical models is difficult. Recent studies show that
                      small islands can be intense sources of GWs, with
                      climatologically significant effects on the atmospheric
                      circulation. South Georgia, in the South Atlantic, is a
                      notable source of such “small island” waves. GWs are
                      usually too small scale to be resolved by current models, so
                      their effects are represented approximately using resolved
                      model fields (parameterization). However, the small-island
                      waves are not well represented by such parameterizations,
                      and the explicit representation of GWs in
                      very-high-resolution models is still in its infancy. Steep
                      islands such as South Georgia are also known to generate
                      low-level wakes, affecting the flow hundreds of kilometers
                      downwind. These wakes are also poorly represented in
                      models.We present results from the South Georgia Wave
                      Experiment (SG-WEX) for 5 July 2015. Analysis of GWs from
                      satellite observations is augmented by radiosonde
                      observations made from South Georgia. Simulations were also
                      made using high-resolution configurations of the Met Office
                      Unified Model (UM). Comparison with observations indicates
                      that the UM performs well for this case, with realistic
                      representation of GW patterns and low-level wakes.
                      Examination of a longer simulation period suggests that the
                      wakes generally are well represented by the model. The
                      realism of these simulations suggests they can be used to
                      develop parameterizations for use at coarser model
                      resolutions.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000433893400012},
      doi          = {10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0151.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844624},
}