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@ARTICLE{Schiavone:844928,
      author       = {Schiavone, Maria Maddalena and Tarallo, O. and Di Girolamo,
                      R. and Caporaso, L. and Appavou, Marie-Sousai and Revay, Z.
                      and Radulescu, Aurel},
      title        = {{S}tructure and morphology of model polymer electrolyte
                      membranes based on sulfonated syndiotactic-polystyrene in
                      the δ co-crystalline phase resolved by small-angle neutron
                      scattering},
      journal      = {Solid state ionics},
      volume       = {320},
      issn         = {0167-2738},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02270},
      pages        = {392 - 406},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) is able to form different
                      kinds of co-crystalline phases with guest molecules of
                      different size, shape and property. Several advanced
                      materials have been produced starting from s-PS
                      co-crystalline films. In particular, sulfonated s-PS (s-sPS)
                      can be used as proton-conductive membrane in some fuel cells
                      applications, as it presents high proton conductivity
                      (comparable with Nafion). Besides, it shows a high chemical
                      and thermo-mechanical stability and a low cost. The
                      morphology of different s-PS clathrates and the structural
                      behavior of s-sPS upon hydration can be thoroughly
                      understood by SANS. In fact, exploiting the neutron contrast
                      variation between various hydrogenated and deuterated
                      components of s-PS and s-sPS clathrates, additional and
                      unique information about the distribution of guest molecules
                      in the crystalline and amorphous regions and about the
                      hydrated domains of the polymer were obtained. Moreover,
                      using uni-axially deformed films the occurrence and
                      distribution of scattering features from typical
                      morphologies on specific directions and sectors of detection
                      plan enable an accurate structural study of such complex
                      polymeric systems. We report in the present paper a detailed
                      SANS investigation of s-PS films, starting from their
                      crystallization with guest molecules to the subsequent
                      sulfonation and hydration. FT-IR, neutron PGAA, WAXD and
                      cryo-TEM were used complementary to SANS to check the state
                      of the samples after each step of the treatment process and
                      to obtain additional structural information as support for
                      the understanding of the SANS data. The current experimental
                      analysis has highlighted that the morphology of these
                      polymeric films is characterized by hydrated channels in the
                      bulk amorphous phase alternated to stacks of crystalline
                      lamellae, oriented along the stretching direction.},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {144 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-144) / 6213 -
                      Materials and Processes for Energy and Transport
                      Technologies (POF3-621) / 6215 - Soft Matter, Health and
                      Life Sciences (POF3-621) / 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) /
                      6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-144 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6213 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000436219600050},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ssi.2018.03.022},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844928},
}