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@ARTICLE{Heinrichs:845106,
      author       = {Heinrichs, Viktor and Dieluweit, Sabine and Stellbrink,
                      Jörg and Pyckhout-Hintzen, Wim and Hersch, Nils and
                      Richter, Dieter and Merkel, Rudolf},
      title        = {{C}hemically defined, ultrasoft {PDMS} elastomers with
                      selectable elasticity for mechanobiology},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02425},
      pages        = {e0195180 -},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Living animal cells are strongly influenced by the
                      mechanical properties of their environment. To model
                      physiological conditions ultrasoft cell culture substrates,
                      in some instances with elasticity (Young's modulus) of only
                      1 kPa, are mandatory. Due to their long shelf life
                      PDMS-based elastomers are a popular choice. However,
                      uncertainty about additives in commercial formulations and
                      difficulties to reach very soft materials limit their use.
                      Here, we produced silicone elastomers from few, chemically
                      defined and commercially available substances. Elastomers
                      exhibited elasticities in the range from 1 kPa to 55 kPa. In
                      detail, a high molecular weight (155 kg/mol),
                      vinyl-terminated linear silicone was crosslinked with a
                      multifunctional (f = 51) crosslinker (a copolymer of
                      dimethyl siloxane and hydrosilane) by a platinum catalyst.
                      The following different strategies towards ultrasoft
                      materials were explored: sparse crosslinking, swelling with
                      inert silicone polymers, and, finally, deliberate
                      introduction of dangling ends into the network (inhibition).
                      Rheological experiments with very low frequencies led to
                      precise viscoelastic characterizations. All strategies
                      enabled tuning of stiffness with the lowest stiffness of ~1
                      kPa reached by inhibition. This system was also most
                      practical to use. Biocompatibility of materials was tested
                      using primary cortical neurons from rats. Even after several
                      days of cultivation no adverse effects were found.},
      cin          = {ICS-7 / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-7-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-552},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29624610},
      UT           = {WOS:000429379600017},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0195180},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845106},
}