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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lucchese:845118,
      author       = {Lucchese, Paul and Mansilla, Christine and Dolci, F. and
                      Dickinson, R. R. and Funez, C. and Grand-Clément, L. and
                      Hilliard, S. and Proost, J. and Robinius, Martin and
                      Salomon, M. and Samsatli, S.},
      title        = {{POWER}-{TO}-{HYDROGEN} {AND} {HYDROGEN}-{TO}-{X}: {LATEST}
                      {RESULTS} {OF} {TASK} 38 {OF} {THE} {IEA} {HYDROGEN}
                      {IMPLEMENTING} {AGREEMENT}},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02437},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Proceedings of EFC2017European Fuel Cell Technology $\&$
                      Applications Conference - Piero Lunghi ConferenceDecember
                      12-15, 2017, Naples, ItalyEFC17145 POWER-TO-HYDROGEN AND
                      HYDROGEN-TO-X: LATEST RESULTS OF TASK 38 OF THE IEA HYDROGEN
                      IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTP. Lucchese1, C. Mansilla1, F. Dolci2,
                      R. R. Dickinson3, C. Funez4, L. Grand-Clément5, S.
                      Hilliard6, J. Proost7, M. Robinius8, M. Salomon6, and S.
                      Samsatli91 CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette
                      (France)2 European Commission, Petten (Netherlands) 3
                      Hydricity Systems Australia and University of Adelaide,
                      Centre for Energy Technology, Adelaide (Australia)4 Centro
                      Nacional del Hidrógeno, Puertollano (Spain)5PersEE, Paris
                      (France)6 Clean Horizon Consulting, Paris
                      (France)7Université catholique de Louvain, Division of
                      Materials and Process Engineering, Louvain-la-Neuve
                      (Belgium)8 Institute of electrochemical process engineering
                      (IEK-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich (Germany)9
                      Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath
                      (United Kingdom) Abstract - Task 38 of the Hydrogen
                      Implementing Agreement of the IEA is dedicated to the
                      analysis of Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X pathways,
                      with a final objective of providing business developers and
                      policy makers with recommendations to enable hydrogen as a
                      key energy carrier for a sustainable integrated energy
                      system. This paper offers an appraisal of the recent work,
                      mostly dedicated to review and state-of-the-art analysis.
                      Index Terms – HIA, Power-to-Hydrogen, Power-to-XI.
                      INTRODUCTIONEnergy systems are changing around the world due
                      to a variety of factors [1]-[2]:- Increasing demand for
                      energy in the world due to globalization and emerging
                      countries;- Increasing renewable share in the energy mix,
                      especially in the electricity mix;- Greenhouse gas
                      constraints and CO2 reduction in the energy sector;- Local
                      pollution constraints;- Deregulation in the energy system,
                      allowing new challengers to enter the market;- Energy
                      security constraints, system reliability objectives;- Energy
                      production system decentralisation.The balancing of the
                      electricity grid is increasingly challenging as the
                      installed renewable energy capacity is increasing. Solutions
                      such as transmission super grids, smart grids, energy
                      storage, demand management, and back-up capacity
                      implementation can contribute; but new measures that go
                      beyond increasing transmission capacity and flexible
                      generation or consumption will have to be introduced to
                      manage the grid as the level of renewable energy sources is
                      increased. Power-to-hydrogen (PtH) system components are
                      clearly part of the broader picture [3]. Hydrogen production
                      via electrolysis makes it possible to quickly adjust the
                      power consumption: electrolysers can reach full load
                      operation in a few seconds [4]. They can also decrease
                      demand in sub-seconds for providing frequency control
                      services. As a result, hydrogen production can be an
                      economically and technically attractive way to contribute to
                      power systems management.The “Power-to-hydrogen” concept
                      means that, especially once hydrogen is produced from
                      low-carbon electricity, a potentially large portfolio of
                      uses is possible. Applications across diverse sectors
                      include transport, green chemistry, electrification (i.e.
                      power storage), blending with natural gas, and also general
                      business of merchant hydrogen for energy or industry.
                      Providing ancillary services or grid services for the
                      electricity grid, transport or distribution grid may also be
                      considered. Indeed, hydrogen can provide flexible energy
                      storage and carrier option which could help managing the
                      energy system. With these benefits in mind, a task of the
                      Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA) of the International
                      Energy Agency (IEA) was approved in October 2015 by the 72nd
                      HIA Executive Committee as “Task 38”, to examine
                      hydrogen as a key energy carrier for a sustainable
                      integrated energy system. It is entitled:
                      “Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: System Analysis of
                      the techno-economic, legal and regulatory conditions”.
                      This paper presents the Task and latest achievements. II.
                      TASK DESCRIPTIONThe general objectives of the Task are: i/
                      to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various
                      technical and economic pathways for power-to-hydrogen
                      applications in diverse situations, ii/ to provide a
                      comprehensive assessment of existing legal frameworks, and
                      iii/ to present business developers and policy makers with
                      general guidelines and recommendations that enhance hydrogen
                      system deployment in energy markets. A final objective will
                      be to develop hydrogen visibility as a key energy carrier
                      for a sustainable and smart energy system, within a 2 or 3
                      horizon time frame: 2030 and 2050, for example. The work is
                      slated to take place over a four-year period, and is
                      structured in two phases: - 1/ a general state of the art
                      survey of existing studies on techno-economic and business
                      cases, existing legal framework, including demo/deployment
                      projects; - 2/ detailed specific cases studies, based on
                      detailed targets defined during the first phase, together
                      with elaboration of legal and regulatory conditions, policy
                      measures, and general guidelines for business developers as
                      well as public and private financial mechanisms and
                      actors.Today, the task gathers over 50 experts of 37
                      organisations from 17 countries. Fig. 1. Affiliations of the
                      Task 38 membersIII. LATEST ACHIEVEMENTSThe first phase
                      involved several actions. To start with, the main PtH
                      pathways and interconnections were identified in a way that
                      overcomes the ambiguities inherent in the term
                      “Power-to-Gas”. In turn, this aims at providing solid
                      and easier to understand foundations for building legal and
                      regulatory frameworks for new business opportunities
                      [5].Another part was dedicated to the compilation of
                      state-of-the-art technical and economic data on large-scale
                      water electrolyser systems, both for PEM and alkaline
                      technology, from the major electrolyser manufacturers
                      worldwide [6]. A workshop on PtH demonstrations will also
                      help identifying next steps towards commercialization.An
                      extensive literature review of the current PtH literature
                      was undertaken [7]. The aim is to capture diversity within
                      the current literature and draw some major conclusions from
                      it. Over 200 documents were reviewed with a methodology
                      developed to analyze the variety of studies considered. This
                      reviewing effort relied on the participation of the members
                      of Task 38, both to co-construct a database of existing
                      studies on PtH and to review the works. The first step is
                      almost complete, before in-depth analysis of the most
                      relevant studies. A similar approach is implemented for the
                      review of the regulatory and legal context for PtH, in a
                      number of countries. Business cases will be assessed,
                      building on this thorough review step.Modelling is not
                      neglected either. A workshop was organized by the University
                      of Bath on energy system modelling and the role of hydrogen.
                      Lively and productive debates dealt with the key issues and
                      future avenues for hydrogen systems research. Data is a key
                      issue in this context, to be addressed in a more global IEA
                      HIA approach.IV. CONCLUSIONTask 38 of the Hydrogen
                      Implementing Agreement is dedicated to the analysis of PtH
                      pathways, with a final objective of providing business
                      developers and policy makers with recommendations to enable
                      hydrogen as a key energy carrier for a sustainable
                      integrated energy system. Recent work was mostly dedicated
                      to review and state-of-the-art analysis. Building on this,
                      next steps will also involve modelling to develop relevant
                      recommendations. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis work was conducted in
                      the framework of the Task 38 of the IEA HIA. The Task is
                      coordinated by the Institute for techno-economics of energy
                      systems (I-tésé) of the CEA, with the support of the
                      ADEME.REFERENCES[1] IEA, "Renewable Energy: Medium-Term
                      Market Report 2016: Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2021,"
                      2016.[2] New York State, "Reforming the Energy Vision:
                      Whitepaper March 2016", New York, 2016.[3] SBC Energy
                      Institute (2014), Leading the Energy Transition Factbook,
                      Hydrogen-based energy conversion - More than storage: system
                      flexibility.[4] A. Godula-Jopek, Hydrogen production by
                      electrolysis, Wiley, 2015.[5] R. Dickinson et al.,
                      Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X pathways: Opportunities
                      for next energy generation systems, EEM15 conference,
                      Dresden, Germany, June 6-9, 2017. [6] J. Proost,
                      State-of-the-art CAPEX data for water electrolysers, and
                      their impact on renewable hydrogen price settings, EFC17
                      conference, Naples, Italy, December 12-15, 2017. [7] M.
                      Robinius, et al., Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: Which
                      markets? Which economic potential? Answers from the
                      literature, EEM15 conference, Dresden, Germany, June 6-9,
                      2017.},
      month         = {Dec},
      date          = {2017-12-12},
      organization  = {European Fuel Cell Technology $\&$
                       Applications Conference - Piero Lunghi
                       Conference, Naples (Italy), 12 Dec 2017
                       - 15 Dec 2017},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845118},
}