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@ARTICLE{Scheepers:845361,
      author       = {Scheepers, Fabian and Burdzik, Andrea and Stähler, Markus
                      and Carmo, Marcelo and Lehnert, Werner and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{A} {N}ew {S}etup for the {Q}uantitive {A}nalysis of
                      {D}rying by the {U}se of {G}as-phase {FTIR}-{S}pectroscopy},
      journal      = {Review of scientific instruments},
      volume       = {89},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0034-6748},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02635},
      pages        = {083102 -},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Drying rates are important for the manufacture of thin
                      films and in specific for the production of electrodes used
                      in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and
                      electrolyzers. The known procedures to investigate
                      time-dependent sample compositions and selective evaporation
                      rates are insufficient to obtain mean information about the
                      full area instead of a single point analysis. Therefore, a
                      new setup is presented using gas-phase Fourier-transform
                      infrared spectroscopy. This method analyzes the gas-phase
                      composition to recalculate the layer composition in
                      electrode fabrication at any time during drying. According
                      to the golden rule of measurement technology, manufacturer
                      specifications are often overestimated. Therefore, our
                      alternative procedures were used to evaluate the precision
                      of devices used. The calculated measurement precision is
                      confirmed by validation. The expected deviation is
                      quantified to be less than $2\%$ for the common application.
                      Further on, the relative test-retest standard deviation is
                      determined to be $0.3\%–0.4\%.$ As a result of the error
                      propagation, the measurement precision is limited by the
                      background gas flow rate precision for common application.
                      At low volume fractions, the influence of the substance flow
                      rate deviations becomes significant. However, further
                      studies will focus on increasing the gas flow rate
                      precision},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30184627},
      UT           = {WOS:000443720400003},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.5036817},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845361},
}