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@ARTICLE{Kleefeld:845387,
      author       = {Kleefeld, Andreas and Gypser, Stella and Herppich, Werner
                      B. and Bader, Georg and Veste, Maik},
      title        = {{I}dentification of spatial pattern of photosynthesis
                      hotspots in moss- and lichen-dominated biological soil
                      crusts by combining chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and
                      multispectral {BNDVI} images},
      journal      = {Pedobiologia},
      volume       = {68},
      issn         = {0031-4056},
      address      = {München},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02658},
      pages        = {1 - 11},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Although biological soil crusts can be found in open
                      landscapes worldwide, their species composition depends on
                      soil properties such as texture and pH, on microclimate, and
                      their respective developmental stage. In addition, local
                      variations in water holding capacity and/or chemical
                      properties of soils influence the formation of spatial
                      patterns and different types of biocrusts on the landscape
                      level. For the evaluation of biocrusts functions and their
                      impact on soil carbon pools, the analysis of the
                      interrelationship between photosynthetic activity and the
                      variations of spatial distribution pattern and types of
                      biocrust is indispensable. For this purpose, an image
                      processing approach was applied that combined chlorophyll
                      fluorescence analyses and multispectral BNDVI to
                      comprehensively characterize the spatial patterns of
                      photosynthetic hotspots in biological soil crusts. For image
                      analysis, five biological soil crust samples with different
                      ratios of substrate, mosses and lichens were collected on an
                      inland dune system in Lieberose, dominated by the moss
                      Polytrichum piliferum, and the lichens Cladonia fimbriata
                      and C. coccifera. RGB-images of the biocrusts were taken
                      with a standard consumer camera Nikon 5200, BNDVI images
                      with a modified Canon S110 NIR camera and chlorophyll
                      fluorescence images with a modular open FluorCAM FC
                      800-O/1010, respectively. BNDVI and Fv/Fm were nearly in the
                      same range for all biocrust samples related to the total
                      surface area. Although mosses showed higher BNDVI than
                      lichens within the separate biocrust samples. F0 and Fm
                      increased with species coverage and with advancing biocrust
                      development. Overlapping of BNDVI with F0 and Fm images
                      showed that not all crustal organisms contribute to BNDVI
                      and chlorophyll fluorescence. The overlapping areas of BNDVI
                      and F0 ranged between $13\%$ and $29\%,$ that of BNDVI and
                      Fm between $17\%$ and $47\%.$ Matching of RGB, BNDVI and CFI
                      allows visualizing spatial pattern with high or low
                      photosynthesis in biocrusts.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000432585500001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.pedobi.2018.04.001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845387},
}