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@PHDTHESIS{Niedre:845759,
      author       = {Niedrée, Bastian},
      title        = {{E}ffects of $^{137}${C}s and $^{90}${S}r on structure and
                      functional aspects of the microflora in agricultural used
                      soils},
      volume       = {162},
      school       = {Universität Bonn},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02968},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-843-3},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {92 S.},
      year         = {2013},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Bonn, 2012},
      abstract     = {At long sight $^{137}$Cs and $^{90}$Sr are the main
                      radionuclides responsible for the contamination
                      ofagricultural soils due to core melts in nuclear power
                      plants such as Chernobyl or Fukushima.Once deposited on the
                      soil surface, the two radionuclides remain in the upper soil
                      layer forseveral decades. In the upper soil layer the
                      highest microbial activity can be found, due tohigh organic
                      matter contents, warm temperatures and gas exchange with the
                      atmosphere.Hence, in contaminated soils microorganisms in
                      upper soil layers (e.g. the plow layer onagricultural
                      fields) are exceedingly exposed to radioactivity. However,
                      no data are availablehow radioactive contaminations with
                      $^{137}$Cs or $^{90}$Sr in a realistic order of magnitude
                      affect themicrobial community and its functions in soils.
                      This dissertation discusses the effects of radioactive
                      contaminations on the microbial community structure and some
                      of its functions in soils. Therefore, typical agricultural
                      soils, an Orthic Luvisol from field site Merzenhausen and a
                      $\textit{Gleyic Cambisol}$ from field site
                      Kaldenkirchen-Hülst were artificially contaminated with
                      various concentrations of $^{137}$Cs and $^{90}$Sr and
                      partly applied with radiolabeled substrates and incubated in
                      soil microcosms under controlled laboratory conditions. The
                      lower radionuclide concentrations corresponded to the
                      contaminations in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, the higher
                      concentrations were up to 50-fold that of the maximum
                      occurring hotspots ($^{137}$Cs) in this zone. In three
                      experiments the effects of the ionizing radiation on the
                      bacterial and the fungal community structure (16S and 18S
                      rDNA DGGE), the degradation of $^{14}$C-labeled wheat straw
                      or uniformly ring-labeled 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
                      the development of the fungal biomass (ergosterol
                      quantification) and the chemical composition of the soil
                      organic matter ($^{13}$C CP/MAS NMR) were investigated. In
                      half of the microcosms the soils were autoclaved and
                      reinoculated with native soil, with intention to enhance the
                      microbial growth. Radiation induced shifts in the microbial
                      community structure could be observed in all experiments.
                      Some species were directly inhibited which could be seen by
                      a loss of bands in the DGGE gels. Other species benefited
                      from the radiation. The loss of competitors and thus a
                      better nutrient supply are supposed to cause these effects.
                      However, a radiation induced impact on microbial functions
                      could only be seen in the 2,4-D mineralization experiment.
                      The mineralization of the uniformly $^{14}$C-ring-labeled
                      herbicide 2,4-D was delayed for 4 days. Compared to the
                      mineralization of wheat straw, only a limited amount of
                      different species [...]},
      keywords     = {Ackerboden (gnd) / Mikroflora (gnd) / Cäsium-137 (gnd) /
                      Strontium-90 (gnd)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845759},
}