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@ARTICLE{Rakousky:845769,
      author       = {Rakousky, Christoph and Keeley, Gareth and Wippermann,
                      Klaus and Carmo, Marcelo and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{T}he stability challenge on the pathway to
                      high-current-density polymer electrolyte membrane water
                      electrolyzers},
      journal      = {Electrochimica acta},
      volume       = {278},
      issn         = {0013-4686},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02978},
      pages        = {324 - 331},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The investment costs for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)
                      water electrolysis can be reduced if systems are operated at
                      elevated current densities. However, it remains unknown how
                      this affects long-term stability. In this study, we
                      elucidate the durability and degradation phenomena that
                      occur in our test cells at high (2 A cm−2) and
                      elevated (up to 3 A cm−2) current densities during
                      constant and intermittent operation. Up to 2 A cm−2,
                      stable cell performance was achieved under both regime. At
                      elevated current densities, two primary factors caused
                      performance degradation, namely the increase in ohmic cell
                      resistance and the appearance of mass-transport resistance,
                      both of which contribute to the voltage increase in equal
                      measures. By varying the way in which the cell is assembled,
                      it was found that both effects relate to the anti-corrosion
                      coating of the titanium porous transport layer (PTL), which
                      was stable at 2 A cm−2 but detached at certain points
                      and adhered to the anodic side of the catalyst-coated
                      membrane (CCM) under operation at elevated current
                      densities. The results of this study indicate that PEM water
                      electrolyzers can be coupled to intermittent power profiles
                      from renewable energy sources without substantially
                      affecting long-term stability.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000433582000034},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.154},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845769},
}