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@ARTICLE{Schnepf:845900,
      author       = {Schnepf, Andrea and Leitner, Daniel and Landl, Magdalena
                      and Lobet, Guillaume and Mai, Trung Hieu and Morandage,
                      Shehan and Sheng, Cheng and Zörner, Mirjam and
                      Vanderborght, Jan and Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{CR}oot{B}ox: a structural–functional modelling framework
                      for root systems},
      journal      = {Annals of botany},
      volume       = {121},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1095-8290},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-03098},
      pages        = {1033 - 1053},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Background and AimsRoot architecture development determines
                      the sites in soil where roots provide input of carbon and
                      take up water and solutes. However, root architecture is
                      difficult to determine experimentally when grown in opaque
                      soil. Thus, root architecture models have been widely used
                      and been further developed into functional–structural
                      models that simulate the fate of water and solutes in the
                      soil–root system. The root architecture model CRootBox
                      presented here is a flexible framework to model root
                      architecture and its interactions with static and dynamic
                      soil environments.MethodsCRootBox is a C++-based root
                      architecture model with Python binding, so that CRootBox can
                      be included via a shared library into any Python code.
                      Output formats include VTP, DGF, RSML and a plain text file
                      containing coordinates of root nodes. Furthermore, a
                      database of published root architecture parameters was
                      created. The capabilities of CRootBox for the unconfined
                      growth of single root systems, as well as the different
                      parameter sets, are highlighted in a freely available web
                      application.Key resultsThe capabilities of CRootBox are
                      demonstrated through five different cases: (1) free growth
                      of individual root systems; (2) growth of root systems in
                      containers as a way to mimic experimental setups; (3)
                      field-scale simulation; (4) root growth as affected by
                      heterogeneous, static soil conditions; and (5) coupling
                      CRootBox with code from the book Soil physics with Python to
                      dynamically compute water flow in soil, root water uptake
                      and water flow inside roots.ConclusionsCRootBox is a fast
                      and flexible functional–structural root model that is
                      based on state-of-the-art computational science methods. Its
                      aim is to facilitate modelling of root responses to
                      environmental conditions as well as the impact of roots on
                      soil. In the future, this approach will be extended to the
                      above-ground part of the plant.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29432520},
      UT           = {WOS:000430676600019},
      doi          = {10.1093/aob/mcx221},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845900},
}