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@ARTICLE{Lahnaoui:845994,
      author       = {Lahnaoui, Amin and Stenzel, Peter and Linssen, Jochen},
      title        = {{T}echno-economic analysis of photovoltaic battery system
                      configuration and location},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {227},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-03166},
      pages        = {497-505},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The techno-economic analysis investigates first the impact
                      of tilt angle and orientation on the production profile of a
                      rooftop solar generator and the related performance of a
                      photovoltaic battery storage system for single family houses
                      at a specific location in Germany. Then, a technical
                      comparison to a different location in Almeria in Spain is
                      performed.The calculations are model-based and take into
                      consideration the consumer load profile, technical and
                      economic photovoltaic battery storage system parameters as
                      well as the framework of regulations for the case of
                      Germany. The parameters “share of self-consumption”,
                      “degree of autarky”, and “economic efficiency in terms
                      of levelized cost of electricity” make up the focus of the
                      modelling results. It is concluded that self-consumption and
                      degree of autarky are strongly and inversely related. In
                      terms of system design, a trade-off has to be made between
                      aiming for high self-consumption and a high degree of
                      autarky.Key findings from the modelling results reveal that
                      in Lindenberg in Germany, a south orientation gives the
                      highest degree of autarky and the lowest levelized cost of
                      electricity, but with the lowest share of self-consumption
                      as well. For rooftops oriented towards east/west, an
                      interesting possibility could be to split the total
                      installed capacity (equally) between the two orientations.
                      This makes it possible to benefit from the high
                      self-consumption of the east orientation and the high degree
                      of autarky of the west orientation. In general, it has to be
                      considered that the optimum orientation strongly depends on
                      the consumer load profile. The technical analysis shows that
                      changing the location to Almeria increases degree of autarky
                      and decreases share of self-consumption for south
                      orientation with different magnitude that depends on the
                      load profile. Finally, the results show opposite impacts
                      that depend on orientation and location when switching from
                      a tilt angle of 30° to 45°. For a south orientation in
                      Almeria and Lindenberg, the degree of autarky is increased
                      when approaching the optimum tilt angle, while for west and
                      east orientations in Lindenberg self-consumption increases.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000445987200050},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.093},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845994},
}