000848100 001__ 848100
000848100 005__ 20210129233951.0
000848100 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1371/journal.pone.0197598
000848100 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/18834
000848100 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:29874283
000848100 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000434369400028
000848100 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:43447704
000848100 037__ $$aFZJ-2018-03379
000848100 082__ $$a500
000848100 1001_ $$00000-0002-6280-4608$$aKronenbuerger, Martin$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000848100 245__ $$aOlfactory functioning in adults with Tourette syndrome
000848100 260__ $$aLawrence, Kan.$$bPLoS$$c2018
000848100 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle
000848100 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article
000848100 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1528374852_22244
000848100 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE
000848100 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE
000848100 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article
000848100 520__ $$aTourette syndrome is a chronic tic disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Comorbidities such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder can be found. The overlap between neuroanatomical regions and neurotransmitter systems in the olfactory system and the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome let us hypothesize altered olfactory performance in Tourette syndrome. The main objective of this study was to systematically assess olfactory functioning in subjects with Tourette syndrome and to compare it to healthy controls. We assessed 28 adults with Tourette syndrome (age 33.1±9.4 years, disease duration 23.7±9.7 years) and 28 healthy controls (age 32.9±9.0 years) matched in regard to age, sex, education and smoking habits. The “Sniffin Sticks” test battery was applied to assess odor threshold, discrimination, and identification. Additionally, the combined score of the odor threshold test, the odor discrimination test and the odor identification test of the “Sniffin Sticks” test battery was calculated. Although it was not the primary aim of this study, we assessed whether tics and comorbidity could contribute to olfactory alterations in adults with Tourette syndrome. Therefore, clinical scores were used to assess severity of tics and co-morbidity such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety and depression in subjects with Tourette syndrome. Pathology of the nasal cavities was excluded with rhinoendoscopy. Independent sample t-tests were applied to compare performance in olfactory tests. In the case of statistically significant differences (critical p-value: 0.05), multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to explore whether tic severity, social impairment, co-morbidity or medical treatment had an impact on the differences found. Descriptive values are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Tourette syndrome subjects showed lower combined scores (Tourette syndrome subjects 31.9 ± 5.1 versus healthy controls 35.0 ± 3.1; p = 0.007), odor identification scores (Tourette syndrome subjects 12.4 ± 2.0 versus healthy controls 13.7 ± 1.4; p = 0.008) and odor discrimination scores (Tourette syndrome subjects 12.1 ± 2.1 versus healthy controls 13.2 ± 1.6; p = 0.041) in comparison to healthy subjects, while there was no difference in odor threshold (Tourette syndrome subjects 7.3 ± 2.7 versus healthy controls 8.1 ± 2.2; p = 0.22). Seven out of 28 Tourette syndrome subjects (25%) scored in the range of the age- and sex-dependent combined score for hyposmia, while two of 28 healthy controls (7%) had a similar low combined score. None of the participants were found to have functional anosmia. Multiple linear regression analyses suggest that social impairment may a predictor for low combined score and odor identification score in Tourette syndrome subjects (p = 0.003). Compared to healthy controls, altered olfaction in adults with Tourette syndrome was found in this study. Normal odor threshold level but lower scores at tasks involving supra-threshold odor concentrations point towards a central-nervous alteration in the processing of olfactory information in Tourette syndrome
000848100 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573$$a573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)$$cPOF3-573$$fPOF III$$x0
000848100 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef
000848100 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBelenghi, Patrizia$$b1
000848100 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aIlgner, Justus$$b2
000848100 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFreiherr, Jessica$$b3
000848100 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHummel, Thomas$$b4
000848100 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)131781$$aNeuner, Irene$$b5$$ufzj
000848100 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2267670-3$$a10.1371/journal.pone.0197598$$gVol. 13, no. 6, p. e0197598 -$$n6$$pe0197598 -$$tPLoS one$$v13$$x1932-6203$$y2018
000848100 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848100/files/journal.pone.0197598.pdf$$yOpenAccess
000848100 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848100/files/journal.pone.0197598.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yOpenAccess
000848100 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848100/files/journal.pone.0197598.jpg?subformat=icon-1440$$xicon-1440$$yOpenAccess
000848100 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848100/files/journal.pone.0197598.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180$$yOpenAccess
000848100 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848100/files/journal.pone.0197598.jpg?subformat=icon-640$$xicon-640$$yOpenAccess
000848100 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:848100$$pdnbdelivery$$pdriver$$pVDB$$popen_access$$popenaire
000848100 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)131781$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b5$$kFZJ
000848100 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-570$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-500$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF3$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bKey Technologies$$lDecoding the Human Brain$$vNeuroimaging$$x0
000848100 9141_ $$y2018
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1050$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBIOSIS Previews
000848100 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBY4$$2HGFVOC$$aCreative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0600$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEbsco Academic Search
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1040$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bZoological Record
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bPLOS ONE : 2015
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0501$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ Seal
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0500$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0111$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9900$$2StatID$$aIF < 5
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0030$$2StatID$$aPeer Review$$bASC
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0310$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bNCBI Molecular Biology Database
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline
000848100 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bThomson Reuters Master Journal List
000848100 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406$$kINM-4$$lPhysik der Medizinischen Bildgebung$$x0
000848100 9201_ $$0I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$$kJARA-BRAIN$$lJARA-BRAIN$$x1
000848100 980__ $$ajournal
000848100 980__ $$aVDB
000848100 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED
000848100 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406
000848100 980__ $$aI:(DE-82)080010_20140620
000848100 9801_ $$aFullTexts