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@ARTICLE{Rodenbcher:848464,
      author       = {Rodenbücher, C. and Bihlmayer, G. and Speier, W. and
                      Kubacki, J. and Wojtyniak, M. and Rogala, M. and Wrana, D.
                      and Krok, F. and Szot, K.},
      title        = {{L}ocal surface conductivity of transition metal oxides
                      mapped with true atomic resolution},
      journal      = {Nanoscale},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {2040-3372},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-03698},
      pages        = {11498 - 11505},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The introduction of transition metal oxides for building
                      nanodevices in information technology promises to overcome
                      the scaling limits of conventional semiconductors and to
                      reduce global power consumption significantly. However,
                      oxide surfaces can exhibit heterogeneity on the nanoscale
                      e.g. due to relaxation, rumpling, reconstruction, or
                      chemical variations which demands for direct
                      characterization of electronic transport phenomena down to
                      the atomic level. Here we demonstrate that conductivity
                      mapping is possible with true atomic resolution using the
                      tip of a local conductivity atomic force microscope (LC-AFM)
                      as the mobile nanoelectrode. The application to the
                      prototypical transition metal oxide TiO2 self-doped by
                      oxygen vacancies reveals the existence of highly confined
                      current paths in the first stage of thermal reduction.
                      Assisted by density functional theory (DFT) we propose that
                      the presence of oxygen vacancies in the surface layer of
                      such materials can introduce short range disturbances of the
                      electronic structure with confinement of metallic states on
                      the sub-nanometre scale. After prolonged reduction, the
                      surfaces undergo reconstruction and the conductivity changes
                      from spot-like to homogeneous as a result of surface
                      transformation. The periodic arrangement of the
                      reconstruction is clearly reflected in the conductivity maps
                      as concluded from the simultaneous friction force and LC-AFM
                      measurements. The second prototype metal oxide SrTiO3 also
                      reveals a comparable transformation in surface conductivity
                      from spot-like to homogeneous upon reduction showing the
                      relevance of nanoscale inhomogeneities for the electronic
                      transport properties and the utility of a high-resolution
                      LC-AFM as a convenient tool to detect them.},
      cin          = {PGI-7 / PGI-1 / IAS-1 / JARA-FIT / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ /
                      $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {142 - Controlling Spin-Based Phenomena (POF3-142) /
                      Magnetic Anisotropy of Metallic Layered Systems and
                      Nanostructures $(jiff13_20131101)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-142 / $G:(DE-Juel1)jiff13_20131101$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29888770},
      UT           = {WOS:000436133400031},
      doi          = {10.1039/C8NR02562B},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848464},
}