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@INPROCEEDINGS{Niether:849922,
      author       = {Niether, Doreen and Afanasenkau, Dzmitry and Dhont, Jan
                      K.G. and Wiegand, Simone},
      title        = {{T}hermophoresis and the '{O}rigin-{O}f-{L}ife' {C}oncept},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04018},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Formamide is of special interest in the 'origin-of-life'
                      concept, because it was shown to form a number of prebiotic
                      molecules under catalytic conditions and at sufficiently
                      high concentrations [1]. For nucleotides and short DNA
                      strands, numerical finite-element calculations have shown
                      that a high degree of accumulation in hydrothermal pores
                      occurs [2]. Using thermophoretic data of the formamide/water
                      system measured with Infra-Red Thermal Diffusion Forced
                      Rayleigh Scattering (IR-TDFRS) we show that the same
                      combination of thermophoresis and convection in hydrothermal
                      pores leads to accumulation of formamide up to
                      concentrations high enough to initiate synthesis of
                      prebiotic nucleobases. The high degree of formamide
                      accumulation is due to an unusual temperature and
                      concentration dependence of the thermophoretic behaviour of
                      formamide. Starting with a formamide concentration of 10-3
                      $wt\%,$ estimated to be typical in shallow lakes on early
                      earth, the accumulation-fold in part of the pores increases
                      strongly with increasing aspect ratio of the pores, and
                      saturates to highly concentrated aqueous formamide solutions
                      of approximately 85 $wt\%$ at large aspect ratios [3]. Time
                      dependent studies show that these high concentrations are
                      reached after 45-90 days. Further, we derived a heuristic
                      model to illuminate the accumulation process and understand
                      the dependence of the accumulation on pore geometry [4].[1]
                      Pino, S.; Sponer, J. E.; Costanzo, G.; Saladino, R. and Di
                      Mauro, E.; Life, 5, 372-384, 2015. [2] Baaske, P.; Weinert,
                      F. M.; Duhr, S.; Lemke, K. H.; Russell, M. J. and Braun,D.;
                      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 9346-9351, 2007. [3]
                      Niether, D.; Afanasenkau, D.; Dhont, J.K.G.; Wiegand, S.;
                      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 4272–4277,
                      2016.[4]Niether, D.; Wiegand, S.; Entropy, 19(33),2017.},
      month         = {Jun},
      date          = {2018-06-24},
      organization  = {Twentieth Symposium on Thermophysical
                       Properties, Boulder (USA), 24 Jun 2018
                       - 29 Jun 2018},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {ICS-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-3-20110106},
      pnm          = {551 - Functional Macromolecules and Complexes (POF3-551)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-551},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/849922},
}