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@ARTICLE{Glsen:850056,
      author       = {Glüsen, Andreas and Dionigi, Fabio and Paciok, Paul and
                      Heggen, Marc and Müller, Martin and Gan, Lin and Strasser,
                      Peter and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{D}ealloyed {P}t{N}i-{C}ore-{S}hell {N}anocatalysts
                      {E}nable {S}ignificant {L}owering of {P}t {E}lectrode
                      {C}ontent in {D}irect {M}ethanol {F}uel {C}ells},
      journal      = {ACS catalysis},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2155-5435},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04138},
      pages        = {3764 - 3772},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have the major advantage
                      of the high energy density of the methanol (4.33 kWh/l) they
                      use as a liquid fuel, although their costs remain too high
                      due to the high quantity of Pt needed as a catalyst for
                      oxygen reduction in the presence of methanol. Pt–Ni
                      core–shell catalysts are promising candidates for improved
                      oxygen reduction kinetics as shown in hydrogen fuel cells.
                      The novelty in this work is due to the fact that we studied
                      these catalysts in DMFC cathodes where oxygen must be
                      reduced and membrane-permeating methanol oxidized at the
                      same time. In spite of many attempts to overcome these
                      problems, high amounts of Pt are still required for DMFC
                      cathodes. During measurements over more than 3000 operating
                      hours, the performance of the core–shell catalysts
                      increased so substantially that a similar performance to
                      that obtained with five times the amount of commercial
                      platinum catalyst was achieved. While catalyst degradation
                      has been thoroughly studied before, we showed here that
                      these catalysts exhibit a self-protection mechanism in the
                      DMFC cathode environment and prolonged operation is actually
                      beneficial for performance and further stability due to the
                      formation of a distinct Pt-rich shell on a PtNi core. The
                      catalyst was analyzed by transition electron microscopy to
                      show how the catalyst structure had changed during
                      activation of the core–shell catalyst.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000467335600001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acscatal.8b04883},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/850056},
}