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@ARTICLE{Mills:850126,
      author       = {Mills, Gina and Pleijel, Håkan and Malley, Christopher S.
                      and Sinha, Baerbel and Cooper, Owen R. and Schultz, Martin
                      and Neufeld, Howard S. and Simpson, David and Sharps,
                      Katrina and Feng, Zhaozhong and Gerosa, Giacomo and Harmens,
                      Harry and Kobayashi, Kazuhiko and Saxena, Pallavi and
                      Paoletti, Elena and Sinha, Vinayak and Xu, Xiaobin},
      title        = {{T}ropospheric {O}zone {A}ssessment {R}eport: {P}resent-day
                      tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to
                      vegetation},
      journal      = {Elementa},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {2325-1026},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {BioOne},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04205},
      pages        = {47},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {This Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) on the
                      current state of knowledge of ozone metrics of relevance to
                      vegetation (TOAR-Vegetation) reports on present-day global
                      distribution of ozone at over 3300 vegetated sites and the
                      long-term trends at nearly 1200 sites. TOAR-Vegetation
                      focusses on three metrics over vegetation-relevant
                      time-periods across major world climatic zones: M12, the
                      mean ozone during 08:00–19:59; AOT40, the accumulation of
                      hourly mean ozone values over 40 ppb during daylight hours,
                      and W126 with stronger weighting to higher hourly mean
                      values, accumulated during 08:00–19:59.Although the
                      density of measurement stations is highly variable across
                      regions, in general, the highest ozone values (mean,
                      2010–14) are in mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere,
                      including southern USA, the Mediterranean basin, northern
                      India, north, north-west and east China, the Republic of
                      Korea and Japan. The lowest metric values reported are in
                      Australia, New Zealand, southern parts of South America and
                      some northern parts of Europe, Canada and the USA.
                      Regional-scale assessments showed, for example,
                      significantly higher AOT40 and W126 values in East Asia
                      (EAS) than Europe (EUR) in wheat growing areas (p < 0.05),
                      but not in rice growing areas. In NAM, the dominant trend
                      during 1995–2014 was a significant decrease in ozone,
                      whilst in EUR it was no change and in EAS it was a
                      significant increase.TOAR-Vegetation provides
                      recommendations to facilitate a more complete global
                      assessment of ozone impacts on vegetation in the future,
                      including: an increase in monitoring of ozone and collation
                      of field evidence of the damaging effects on vegetation; an
                      investigation of the effects on peri-urban agriculture and
                      in mountain/upland areas; inclusion of additional pollutant,
                      meteorological and inlet height data in the TOAR dataset;
                      where not already in existence, establishing new
                      region-specific thresholds for vegetation damage and an
                      innovative integration of observations and modelling
                      including stomatal uptake of the pollutant.},
      cin          = {JSC / IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {512 - Data-Intensive Science and Federated Computing
                      (POF3-512) / Earth System Data Exploration (ESDE)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-512 / G:(DE-Juel-1)ESDE},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000436610100001},
      doi          = {10.1525/elementa.302},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/850126},
}