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@ARTICLE{Trevisi:850946,
      author       = {Trevisi, Gianluca and Eickhoff, Simon and Chowdhury,
                      Fahmida and Jha, Ashwani and Rodionov, Roman and Nowell,
                      Mark and Miserocchi, Anna and McEvoy, Andrew W. and Nachev,
                      Parashkev and Diehl, Beate},
      title        = {{P}robabilistic electrical stimulation mapping of human
                      medial frontal cortex},
      journal      = {Cortex},
      volume       = {109},
      issn         = {0010-9452},
      address      = {Paris},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Masson},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04677},
      pages        = {336-346},
      year         = {2018},
      note         = {We are grateful to the Wolfson Foundation and the Epilepsy
                      Society for supporting the Epilepsy Society MRI scanner.
                      This work was supported by the National Institute for Health
                      Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical
                      Research Centre. PN is funded by the Wellcome Trust, the
                      Department of Health, and the UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research
                      Centre. BD receives funding from NIH –National Institute
                      of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01-NS090407; The
                      Center for SUDEP Research). AJ was funded by the Guarantors
                      of Brain and the UCLH NIHR BRC. SBE was funded by the
                      National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH074457), the
                      Helmholtz Portfolio Theme "Supercomputing and Modelling for
                      the Human Brain" and the European Union's Horizon 2020
                      Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No.
                      7202070 (HBP SGA1).},
      abstract     = {The medial frontal cortex remains functionally
                      ill-understood; this is reflected by the heterogeneity of
                      behavioural outcomes following damage to the region. We aim
                      to use the rich information provided by extraoperative
                      direct electrical cortical stimulation to enhance our
                      understanding of its functional anatomy. Examining a cohort
                      of 38 epilepsy patients undergoing direct electrical
                      cortical stimulation in the context of presurgical
                      evaluation, we reviewed stimulation findings and classified
                      them in a behavioural framework (positive motor, negative
                      motor, somatosensory, speech disturbances, and "other"). The
                      spatially discrete cortical stimulation-derived data points
                      were then transformed into continuous probabilistic maps,
                      thereby enabling the voxel-wise spatial inference widely
                      used in the analysis of functional and structural imaging
                      data. A functional map of stimulation findings of the medial
                      wall emerged. Positive motor responses occurred in 141
                      stimulations $(31.2\%),$ anatomically located on the
                      paracentral lobule (threshold at p<.05), extending no
                      further than the vertical anterior commissure (VCA) line.
                      Thirty negative motor responses were observed $(6.6\%),$
                      localised to the VCA line (at p < .001 uncorrected). In 43
                      stimulations $(9.5\%)$ a somatosensory response localised to
                      the caudal cingulate zone (at p < .001 uncorrected), with a
                      second region posterior to central sulcus. Speech
                      disturbances were elicited in 38 stimulations $(8.4\%),$
                      more commonly but not exclusively from the language fMRI
                      dominant side, just anterior to VCA (p < .001 uncorrected).
                      In only 2 stimulations, the patient experienced a subjective
                      "urge" to move in the absence of overt movement. Classifying
                      motor behaviour along the dimensions of effector, and
                      movement vs arrest, we derive a wholly data-driven
                      stimulation map of the medial wall, powered by the largest
                      number of stimulations of the region reported (n = 452) in
                      patients imaged with MRI. This model and the underlying data
                      provide a robust framework for understanding the
                      architecture of the region through the joint analysis of
                      disruptive and correlative anatomical maps.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572) / 571 -
                      Connectivity and Activity (POF3-571) / 574 - Theory,
                      modelling and simulation (POF3-574) / HBP SGA1 - Human Brain
                      Project Specific Grant Agreement 1 (720270)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-571 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-574 / G:(EU-Grant)720270},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30057247},
      UT           = {WOS:000452945800028},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/850946},
}