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@ARTICLE{Mnnighoff:851110,
      author       = {Mönnighoff, Xaver and Friesen, Alex and Konersmann,
                      Benedikt and Horsthemke, Fabian and Grützke, Martin and
                      Winter, Martin and Nowak, Sascha},
      title        = {{S}upercritical carbon dioxide extraction of electrolyte
                      from spent lithium ion batteries and its characterization by
                      gas chromatography with chemical ionization},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {352},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04812},
      pages        = {56 - 63},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The aging products of the electrolyte from a commercially
                      available state-of-the-art 18650-type cell were
                      investigated. During long term cycling a huge difference in
                      their performance and lifetime at different temperatures was
                      observed. By interpretation of a strong capacity fading of
                      cells cycled at 20 °C compared to cells cycled at 45 °C a
                      temperature depending aging mechanism was determined. To
                      investigate the influence of the electrolyte on this fading,
                      the electrolyte was extracted by supercritical fluid
                      extraction (SFE) and then analyzed by gas chromatography
                      (GC) with electron impact (EI) ionization and mass selective
                      detection. To obtain more information with regard to the
                      identification of unknown decomposition products further
                      analysis with positive chemical ionization (PCI) and
                      negative chemical ionization (NCI) was performed. 17
                      different volatile organic aging products were detected and
                      identified. So far, seven of them were not yet known in
                      literature and several formation pathways were postulated
                      taking previously published literature into account.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000401206100007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.114},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851110},
}