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@ARTICLE{Heckmann:851169,
      author       = {Heckmann, A and Thienenkamp, J and Beltrop, K and Winter,
                      Martin and Brunklaus, Gunther and Placke, T},
      title        = {{T}owards high-performance dual-graphite batteries using
                      highly concentrated organic electrolytes},
      journal      = {Electrochimica acta},
      volume       = {260},
      issn         = {0013-4686},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04869},
      pages        = {514-525},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) and dual-graphite batteries
                      (DGBs) attract increasing attention as an alternative
                      approach for stationary energy storage due to their
                      environmental, cost and safety benefits over other
                      state-of-the-art battery technologies. In order to realize
                      an extraordinary cell performance of DGBs, it is of
                      particular importance to stabilize the interphases between
                      electrolyte and electrode, for both the negative and
                      positive electrodes. In this work, we present the
                      implementation of highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) in
                      DIBs and DGBs, i.e. electrolyte formulations based on either
                      LiPF6 or LiTFSI in dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl
                      carbonate (DEC) or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC). A
                      reversible cycling stability of the graphitic negative
                      electrode is proven as well as the stability of the HCEs
                      against oxidative decomposition at the positive electrode at
                      a cathode potential of 5V vs. Li/Li+. Additionally, we
                      demonstrate that the anodic dissolution of the aluminum (Al)
                      current collector is successfully suppressed by using
                      LiTFSI-based HCEs, which show a comparable resistivity
                      against Al dissolution as LiPF6-based electrolytes.
                      Furthermore, a strong dependence of concentration and onset
                      potential of anion intercalation is observed and
                      comprehensively discussed with respect to the thermodynamic
                      environment of the electrolyte. Overall, the use of HCEs
                      enables a highly reversible cycling stability, providing
                      extraordinary high specific discharge capacities of
                      80–100 mAh g−1 for lithium metal-based DIBs and DGBs.
                      The evaluation of voltage efficiency (VE) and energy
                      efficiency (EE) reveals the highest values for the
                      EMC/LiPF6-based electrolyte, i.e. $96\%$ (VE) and $95\%$
                      (EE). In summary, the use of HCEs is a promising strategy to
                      further optimize the electrochemical performance of DIBs and
                      DGBs in terms of high reversible capacity and cycling
                      stability and decreased parasitic side reactions.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000419831600058},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.099},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851169},
}