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@ARTICLE{Holtstiege:851170,
      author       = {Holtstiege, F and Schmuch, R and Winter, Martin and
                      Brunklaus, Gunther and Placke, T},
      title        = {{N}ew insights into pre-lithiation kinetics of graphite
                      anodes via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {378},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04870},
      pages        = {522-526},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Pre-lithiation of anode materials can be an effective
                      method to compensate active lithium loss which mainly occurs
                      in the first few cycles of a lithium ion battery (LIB), due
                      to electrolyte decomposition and solid electrolyte
                      interphase (SEI) formation at the surface of the anode.
                      There are many different pre-lithiation methods, whereas
                      pre-lithiation using metallic lithium constitutes the most
                      convenient and widely utilized lab procedure in literature.
                      In this work, for the first time, solid state nuclear
                      magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is applied to monitor
                      the reaction kinetics of the pre-lithiation process of
                      graphite with lithium. Based on static 7Li NMR, we can
                      directly observe both the dissolution of lithium metal and
                      parallel formation of LiCx species in the obtained NMR
                      spectra with time. It is also shown that the degree of
                      pre-lithiation as well as distribution of lithium metal on
                      the electrode surface have a strong impact on the reaction
                      kinetics of the pre-lithiation process and on the remaining
                      amount of lithium metal. Overall, our findings are highly
                      important for further optimization of pre-lithiation methods
                      for LIB anode materials, both in terms of optimized
                      pre-lithiation time and appropriate amounts of lithium
                      metal.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000427316300060},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.12.069},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851170},
}