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@ARTICLE{Cerdas:851173,
      author       = {Cerdas, Felipe and Titscher, Paul and Bognar, Nicolas and
                      Schmuch, Richard and Winter, Martin and Kwade, Arno and
                      Herrmann, Christoph},
      title        = {{E}xploring the {E}ffect of {I}ncreased {E}nergy {D}ensity
                      on the {E}nvironmental {I}mpacts of {T}raction {B}atteries:
                      {A} {C}omparison of {E}nergy {O}ptimized {L}ithium-{I}on and
                      {L}ithium-{S}ulfur {B}atteries for {M}obility
                      {A}pplications},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04873},
      pages        = {150 -},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The quest towards increasing the energy density of traction
                      battery technologies has led to the emergence and
                      diversification of battery materials. The lithium sulfur
                      battery (LSB) is in this regard a promising material for
                      batteries due to its specific energy. However, due to its
                      low volumetric energy density, the LSB faces challenges in
                      mobility applications such as electric vehicles but also
                      other transportation modes. To understand the potential
                      environmental implication of LSB batteries, a comparative
                      Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed. For this study,
                      electrodes for both an NMC111 with an anode graphite and a
                      LSB battery cell with a lithium metal foil as anode were
                      manufactured. Data from disassembly experiments performed on
                      a real battery system for a mid-size passenger vehicle were
                      used to build the required life cycle inventory. The energy
                      consumption during the use phase was calculated using a
                      simulative approach. A set of thirteen impact categories was
                      evaluated and characterized with the ReCiPe methodology. The
                      results of the LCA in this study allow identification of the
                      main sources of environmental problems as well as possible
                      strategies to improve the environmental impact of LSB
                      batteries. In this regard, the high requirements of
                      N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) for the processing of the
                      sulfur cathode and the thickness of the lithium foil were
                      identified as the most important drivers. We make
                      recommendations for necessary further research in order to
                      broaden the understanding concerning the potential
                      environmental implication of the implementation of LSB
                      batteries for mobility applications.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000424397600150},
      doi          = {10.3390/en11010150},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851173},
}