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@ARTICLE{Emmerich:851209,
      author       = {Emmerich, Thomas and Qu, Dandan and Vaßen, Robert and
                      Aktaa, Jarir},
      title        = {{D}evelopment of {W}-coating with functionally graded
                      {W}/{EUROFER}-layers for protection of {F}irst-{W}all
                      materials},
      journal      = {Fusion engineering and design},
      volume       = {128},
      issn         = {0920-3796},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04909},
      pages        = {58 - 67},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {To protect First-Wall components, made of reduced
                      activation ferritic martensitic steel, against the plasma of
                      future fusion reactors, tungsten coatings are a feasible
                      option. The difference in coefficient of thermal expansion
                      between the coating and the steel substrate can be
                      compensated using functionally graded material layers. Such
                      layers were successfully produced by vacuum plasma spraying.
                      This technique reduces, however, the hardness of the
                      substrate surface near zone. Modified spraying parameters
                      moderate the hardness loss. The parameters may, though,
                      affect also the layer bonding toughness which is evaluated
                      in this work by four point bending tests. Furthermore, the
                      layers behavior on First-Wall Mock‐ups and under different
                      thermal loads is investigated by finite element
                      simulations.The measurement of the layer adhesion indicates
                      that the layer adhesion decreases only for modified spraying
                      parameters that do not reduce the substrate hardness. It
                      follows also from the toughness calculation that without
                      layer residual stresses the toughness values depend on
                      coating thickness. In regard to the Mock‐up behavior the
                      simulations show that intermediate steps are necessary
                      during heating and cooling to prevent artificial stresses
                      and inelastic deformation. It is, however, not possible to
                      avoid stresses and inelastic deformation completely as they
                      originate from the residual stresses.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000428492500009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.01.047},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851209},
}