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@ARTICLE{Jazayeri:851248,
      author       = {Jazayeri, Sajad and Klotzsche, Anja and Kruse, Sarah},
      title        = {{I}mproving estimates of buried pipe diameter and infilling
                      material from ground-penetrating radar profiles with
                      full-waveform inversion},
      journal      = {Geophysics},
      volume       = {83},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1942-2156},
      address      = {Tulsa, Okla.},
      publisher    = {SEG},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04943},
      pages        = {H27 - H41},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a widely used tool for
                      the detection and location of buried utilities. Buried pipes
                      generate characteristic diffraction hyperbolas in raw GPR
                      data. Current methods for analyzing the shapes and timing of
                      the diffraction hyperbolas are very effective for locating
                      pipes, but they are less effective for determining the
                      diameter of the pipes, particularly when the pipes are
                      smaller than the radar wavelengths, typically a few tens of
                      centimeters. A full-waveform inversion (FWI) method is
                      described for improving estimates of the diameter of a pipe
                      and confirming the infilling material (air/water/etc.) for
                      the simple case of an isolated diffraction hyperbola on a
                      profile run perpendicular to a pipe with antennas in
                      broadside mode (parallel to the pipe). The technique
                      described here can improve a good initial guess of the pipe
                      diameter (within $30\%–50\%$ of the true value) to a
                      better estimate (less than approximately $8\%$ misfit). This
                      method is developed by combining two freely available
                      software packages with a deconvolution method for GPR
                      effective source wavelet estimation. The FWI process is run
                      with the PEST algorithm (model-independent parameter
                      estimation and uncertainty analysis). PEST iteratively calls
                      the gprMax software package for forward modeling of the GPR
                      signal as the model for the pipe and surrounding soil is
                      refined},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000443597500048},
      doi          = {10.1190/geo2017-0617.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851248},
}