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@ARTICLE{Liu:851250,
      author       = {Liu, Tao and Klotzsche, Anja and Pondkule, Mukund and
                      Vereecken, Harry and Su, Yi and van der Kruk, Jan},
      title        = {{RADIUS} {ESTIMATION} {OF} {SUBSURFACE} {CYLINDRICAL}
                      {OBJECT} {FROM} {GPR} {DATA} {USING} {FULL}-{WAVEFORM}
                      {INVERSION}},
      journal      = {Geophysics},
      volume       = {83},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1942-2156},
      address      = {Tulsa, Okla.},
      publisher    = {SEG},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04945},
      pages        = {H43-H54},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Ray-based radius estimations of subsurface cylindrical
                      objects such as rebars and pipes from
                      ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) measurements are not accurate
                      because of their approximations. We have developed a novel
                      full-waveform inversion (FWI) approach that uses a
                      full-waveform 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)
                      forward-modeling program to estimate the radius including
                      other object parameters. By using the full waveform of the
                      common-offset GPR data, the shuffled complex evolution (SCE)
                      approach is able to reliably extract the radius of the
                      subsurface cylindrical objects. A combined optimization of
                      radius, medium properties, and the effective source wavelet
                      is necessary. Synthetic and experimental data inversion
                      returns an accurate reconstruction of the cylinder
                      properties, medium properties, and the effective source
                      wavelet. Combining FWI of GPR data using SCE and a 3D FDTD
                      forward model makes the approach easily adaptable for a wide
                      range of other GPR FWI approaches.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000457502000043},
      doi          = {10.1190/geo2017-0815.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851250},
}