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@ARTICLE{Knist:851423,
      author       = {Knist, Sebastian and Goergen, Klaus and Simmer, Clemens},
      title        = {{E}valuation and projected changes of precipitation
                      statistics in convection-permitting {WRF} climate
                      simulations over {C}entral {E}urope},
      journal      = {Climate dynamics},
      volume       = {55},
      issn         = {0930-7575},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05070},
      pages        = {325-341},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {We perform simulations with the WRF regional climate model
                      at 12 and 3 km grid resolution for the current and future
                      climates over Central Europe and evaluate their added value
                      with a focus on the daily cycle and frequency distribution
                      of rainfall and the relation between extreme precipitation
                      and air temperature. First, a 9 year period of ERA-Interim
                      driven simulations is evaluated against observations; then
                      global climate model runs (MPI-ESM-LR RCP4.5 scenario) are
                      downscaled and analyzed for three 12-year periods: a
                      control, a mid-of-century and an end-of-century projection.
                      The higher resolution simulations reproduce both the diurnal
                      cycle and the hourly intensity distribution of precipitation
                      more realistically compared to the 12 km simulation.
                      Moreover, the observed increase of the temperature–extreme
                      precipitation scaling from the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C)
                      scaling rate of $~ 7\%$ K−1 to a super-adiabatic scaling
                      rate for temperatures above 11 °C is reproduced only by the
                      3 km simulation. The drop of the scaling rates at high
                      temperatures under moisture limited conditions differs
                      between sub-regions. For both future scenario time spans
                      both simulations suggest a slight decrease in mean summer
                      precipitation and an increase in hourly heavy and extreme
                      precipitation. This increase is stronger in the 3 km runs.
                      Temperature–extreme precipitation scaling curves in the
                      future climate are projected to shift along the $7\%$ K−1
                      trajectory to higher peak extreme precipitation values at
                      higher temperatures. The curves keep their typical shape of
                      C–C scaling followed by super-adiabatic scaling and a
                      drop-off at higher temperatures due to moisture limitation.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255) / eLTER - European Long-Term Ecosystem and
                      socio-ecological Research Infrastructure (654359)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 / G:(EU-Grant)654359},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000543522300018},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00382-018-4147-x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851423},
}