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@ARTICLE{Sturm:851529,
      author       = {Sturm, Virginia E. and Brown, Jesse A. and Hua, Alice Y.
                      and Lwi, Sandy J. and Zhou, Juan and Kurth, Florian and
                      Eickhoff, Simon and Rosen, Howard J. and Kramer, Joel H. and
                      Miller, Bruce L. and Levenson, Robert W. and Seeley, William
                      W.},
      title        = {{N}etwork architecture underlying basal autonomic outflow:
                      {E}vidence from frontotemporal dementia},
      journal      = {The journal of neuroscience},
      volume       = {38},
      number       = {42},
      issn         = {0270-6474},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05155},
      pages        = {8943-8955},
      year         = {2018},
      note         = {This project was supported by grants from the NIH National
                      Institute on Aging (P50AG023501, P01AG019724, R01AG052496,
                      R01AG032306, R01AG057204, 1K23AG040127, and 1K23AG045289),
                      The Larry L. Hillblom Foundation (2013-A-029-SUP and
                      2005/2T), the John Douglas French Foundation; the Consortium
                      for Frontotemporal Dementia Research, and the Tau
                      Consortium. We are grateful for the patients, healthy
                      controls, and families that have participated in our
                      research studies.},
      abstract     = {The salience network is a distributed neural system that
                      maintains homeostasis by regulating autonomic nervous system
                      activity and social-emotional function. Here we examined how
                      within-network connectivity relates to individual
                      differences in human (including males and females) baseline
                      parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity. We
                      measured resting autonomic nervous system physiology in 24
                      healthy controls and 23 patients with behavioral variant
                      frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a neurodegenerative disease
                      characterized by baseline autonomic deficits. Participants
                      also underwent structural and task-free functional magnetic
                      resonance imaging. First, we used voxel-based morphometry to
                      determine whether salience network atrophy was associated
                      with lower baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; a
                      parasympathetic measure) and skin conductance level (SCL; a
                      sympathetic measure) in bvFTD. Next, we examined whether
                      functional connectivity deficits in 21 autonomic-relevant,
                      salience network node-pairs related to baseline autonomic
                      dysfunction. Lower baseline RSA was associated with smaller
                      volume in left ventral anterior insula (vAI), weaker
                      connectivity between bilateral vAI and bilateral anterior
                      cingulate cortex (ACC), and stronger connectivity between
                      bilateral ACC and bilateral hypothalamus/amygdala. Lower
                      baseline SCL, in contrast, was associated with smaller
                      volume in inferior temporal gyrus, dorsal mid-insula, and
                      hypothalamus; weaker connectivity between bilateral ACC and
                      right hypothalamus/amygdala; and stronger connectivity
                      between bilateral dorsal anterior insula and periaqueductal
                      gray. Our results suggest that baseline parasympathetic and
                      sympathetic tone depend on the integrity of lateralized
                      salience network hubs (left vAI for parasympathetic and
                      right hypothalamus/amygdala for sympathetic) and highly
                      calibrated ipsilateral and contralateral network
                      connections. In bvFTD, deficits in this system may underlie
                      resting parasympathetic and sympathetic
                      disruption.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe salience network
                      maintains homeostasis and regulates autonomic nervous system
                      activity. Whether within-network connectivity patterns
                      underlie individual differences in resting parasympathetic
                      and sympathetic nervous system activity, however, is not
                      well understood. We measured baseline autonomic nervous
                      system activity in healthy controls and patients with
                      behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, a
                      neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting autonomic
                      deficits, and probed how salience network dysfunction
                      relates to diminished parasympathetic and sympathetic
                      outflow. Our results indicate that baseline parasympathetic
                      and sympathetic tone are the product of complex, opposing
                      intra-network nodal interactions and depend on the integrity
                      of highly tuned, lateralized salience network hubs (i.e.,
                      left ventral anterior insula for parasympathetic activity
                      and right hypothalamus/amygdala for sympathetic activity).},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {574 - Theory, modelling and simulation (POF3-574)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-574},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30181137},
      UT           = {WOS:000447587500003},
      doi          = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0347-18.2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851529},
}