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@ARTICLE{Kuckshinrichs:851535,
      author       = {Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm and Koj, Jan Christian},
      title        = {{L}evelized costs of energy from private and social
                      perspectives: {T}he case of improved alkaline water
                      electrolysis},
      journal      = {Journal of cleaner production},
      volume       = {203},
      issn         = {0959-6526},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05161},
      pages        = {619 - 632},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The concept of the levelized cost of energy or respectively
                      hydrogen (LCH) is frequently chosen for techno-economic
                      analyses of energy technologies. However, the results of the
                      LCH very much depend on the assessment perspective, which
                      may be either private (or synonymously business) or social.
                      The paper identifies three points as being basically
                      responsible for differences: (1) tax deductibility of cost
                      components, (2) external environmental costs, and (3)
                      discounting.The objectives of the paper are to present the
                      levelized cost of hydrogen for improved alkaline water
                      electrolysis (AWE) and to highlight the different results
                      from private and social perspectives. Accordingly, the
                      methodology comprises the different LCH calculation schemes,
                      an energy scenario focusing on electricity, a Life Cycle
                      Assessment for environmental impacts of AWE technology, and
                      the monetary valuation of these impacts.As a case study, we
                      chose the production of hydrogen from advanced alkaline
                      water electrolysis at three different sites in Europe
                      (Germany, Austria, and Spain). The paper shows that the
                      private and social LCH differ strongly. Inclusion of all
                      cost components and comparatively low discount rates provoke
                      highest LCH from social perspective. The main differences in
                      the case study presented here are due to full accounting for
                      environmental costs – with the global warming potential
                      resulting from electricity generation as the main
                      environmental cost source – and due to electricity price
                      projections. Finally, the paper also discusses the
                      sensitivity of LCHs with respect to parameters such as plant
                      lifetime, monetary values of CO2, and tax rates.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000447568700047},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.232},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851535},
}