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@ARTICLE{Yu:851832,
      author       = {Yu, Shicheng and Liu, Zigeng and Tempel, Hermann and Kungl,
                      Hans and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{S}elf-standing {NASICON}-type electrodes with high mass
                      loading for fast-cycling all-phosphate sodium-ion batteries},
      journal      = {Journal of materials chemistry / A},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {2050-7496},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05332},
      pages        = {18304-18317},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A scalable strategy has been realized to produce anodic
                      NaTi2(PO4)3 and cathodic Na3V2(PO4)3 supported on carbon
                      nanotube fabrics (CNFs) as binder-free, metal current
                      collector-free, carbon additive-free, bendable and
                      self-standing electrodes for sodium-ion batteries. The
                      NaTi2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)3 particles are not only anchored
                      on the surface of the CNFs but also uniformly embedded in
                      the framework of the CNFs via a two-step coating process
                      followed by annealing treatment. In the relevant voltage
                      range, the high electrochemical stability of the 3D electron
                      conduction network of carbon nanotubes in the self-standing
                      electrodes was confirmed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Both
                      electrodes possessed a thickness of around 130 μm and a
                      high mass loading of greater than 7.5 mg cm−2 and
                      exhibited a high specific capacity, high rate capability and
                      long lifespan in both half cells and all-phosphate full
                      cells. The all-phosphate full cells delivered more than half
                      of their theoretical capacity even at a high current rate of
                      100C. Besides, a capacity retention of $75.6\%$ over 4000
                      cycles at a rate of 20C was achieved. The reason for the
                      capacity fade in the full cell during long-term cycling was
                      the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer, as
                      was indicated by XRD, TEM and in operando NMR measurements.
                      Furthermore, the promising practical possibilities of the
                      electrodes and all-phosphate sodium-ion battery were
                      demonstrated by a prototype flexible pouch cell and by
                      stacking multiple electrodes in a laboratory-scale battery},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000448340100048},
      doi          = {10.1039/C8TA07313A},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/851832},
}