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@ARTICLE{Filges:852462,
      author       = {Filges, Annette and Gerbig, Christoph and Rella, Chris W.
                      and Hoffnagle, John and Smit, Herman and Krämer, Martina
                      and Spelten, Nicole and Rolf, Christian and Bozóki, Zoltán
                      and Buchholz, Bernhard and Ebert, Volker},
      title        = {{E}valuation of the {IAGOS}-{C}ore {GHG} package
                      {H}$_{2}${O} measurements during the {DENCHAR} airborne
                      inter-comparison campaign in 2011},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05408},
      pages        = {5279 - 5297},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {As part of the DENCHAR (Development and Evaluation of Novel
                      Compact Hygrometer for Airborne Research) inter-comparison
                      campaign in northern Germany in 2011, a commercial cavity
                      ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) based gas analyzer (G2401-m,
                      Picarro Inc., US) was installed on a Learjet to measure
                      atmospheric water vapor, CO2, CH4, and CO. The CRDS
                      components were identical to those chosen for integration
                      aboard commercial airliners within the IAGOS (In-service
                      Aircraft for a Global Observing System) project. Since the
                      quantitative capabilities of the CRDS water vapor
                      measurements were never evaluated and reviewed in detail in
                      a publication before, the campaign allowed for an initial
                      assessment of the long-term IAGOS water vapor measurements
                      by CRDS against reference instruments with a long
                      performance record (Fast In-situ Stratospheric Hygrometer
                      (FISH) and CR-2 frost point hygrometer (Buck Research
                      Instruments L.L.C., US), both operated by Research Centre
                      Jülich).For the initial water calibration of the instrument
                      it was compared against a dew point mirror (Dewmet TDH,
                      Michell Instruments Ltd., UK) in the range from 70000 to
                      25000ppm water vapor mole fraction. During the
                      inter-comparison campaign the analyzer was compared on the
                      ground over the range from 2 to 600ppm against the dew point
                      hygrometer used for calibration of the FISH reference
                      instrument. A new, independent calibration method based on
                      the dilution effect of water vapor on CO2 was
                      evaluated.Comparison of the in-flight data against the
                      reference instruments showed that the analyzer is reliable
                      and has a good long-term stability. The flight data suggest
                      a conservative precision estimate for measurements made at
                      0.4Hz (2.5s measurement interval) of 4ppm for H2O<10ppm,
                      $20\%$ or 10ppm (whichever is smaller) for 10ppm<H2O<100ppm,
                      and $5\%$ or 30ppm (whichever is smaller) for H2O>100ppm.
                      Accuracy of the CRDS instrument was estimated, based on
                      laboratory calibrations, as $1\%$ for the water vapor range
                      from 25000ppm down to 7000ppm, increasing to $5\%$ at 50ppm
                      water vapor. Accuracy at water vapor mole fractions below
                      50ppm was difficult to assess, as the reference systems
                      suffered from lack of data availability.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000444987500002},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-11-5279-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/852462},
}