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@ARTICLE{Neu:852580,
      author       = {Neu, R. and Maier, H. and Balden, M. and Elgeti, S. and
                      Gietl, H. and Greuner, H. and Herrmann, A. and Houben, A.
                      and Rohde, V. and Sieglin, B. and Zammuto, I.},
      title        = {{I}nvestigations on tungsten heavy alloys for use as plasma
                      facing material},
      journal      = {Fusion engineering and design},
      volume       = {124},
      issn         = {0920-3796},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05492},
      pages        = {450 - 454},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {An alternative solution for tungsten as a plasma facing
                      material could be the use of W heavy alloys as they are
                      produced commercially by several companies. They consist of
                      up to $97\%$ W and Ni/Fe (or Ni/Cu) admixtures, they are
                      readily machinable and considerably cheaper than bulk
                      tungsten. Their major drawbacks in view of the application
                      in fusion experiments are the rather low melting temperature
                      and their magnetic properties (in case of a Ni/Fe binder
                      phase). In a first step W heavy alloys from two
                      manufacturers were investigated concerning their thermal and
                      magnetic properties and subjected to screening tests and
                      cyclic loading in the high heat flux test facility GLADIS
                      with up to 20 MW m−2 and surface temperatures of up to
                      2200 °C, showing no macroscopic failure. SEM investigations
                      show a segregation of Ni and Fe at the top surface after the
                      thermal overloading, but no signs of micro-cracking. The
                      long-term behaviour of a W–Ni/Fe tile under plasma and
                      electromagnetic load was investigated in ASDEX Upgrade using
                      its divertor manipulator. The tile was exposed in discharges
                      with record values of injected energy and power. Despite the
                      observed surface modifications (Ni/Fe segregation) the W
                      heavy alloys seem to provide a pragmatic and cost-effective
                      alternative to bulk W tiles in the divertor of ASDEX
                      Upgrade},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000419411900095},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.01.043},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/852580},
}