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@ARTICLE{Bacer:852609,
      author       = {Bacer, Sara and Sullivan, Sylvia C. and Karydis, Vlassis A.
                      and Barahona, Donifan and Krämer, Martina and Nenes,
                      Athanasios and Tost, Holger and Tsimpidi, Alxandra P. and
                      Lelieveld, Jos and Pozzer, Andrea},
      title        = {{I}mplementation of a comprehensive ice crystal formation
                      parameterization for cirrus and mixed-phase clouds into the
                      {EMAC} model (based on {MESS}y 2.53)},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development discussions},
      volume       = {},
      issn         = {1991-9611},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05513},
      pages        = {},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A comprehensive ice nucleation parameterization has been
                      implemented in the global chemistry-climate model EMAC to
                      realistically represent ice crystal number concentrations.
                      The parameterization of Barahona and Nenes (2009, hereafter
                      BN09) allows the treatment of ice nucleation, taking into
                      account the competition for water vapour between homogeneous
                      and heterogeneous nucleation and pre-existing ice crystals
                      in cold clouds. Furthermore, the influence of
                      chemically-heterogeneous, polydisperse aerosols is
                      considered via multiple ice nucleating particle spectra,
                      which are included in the parameterization to compute the
                      heterogeneously formed ice crystals. BN09 has been
                      implemented to operate both in the cirrus and in the
                      mixed-phase regimes. Compared to the standard EMAC results,
                      BN09 produces fewer ice crystals in the upper troposphere
                      but higher ice crystal number concentrations in the middle
                      troposphere, especially in the Northern Hemisphere where ice
                      nucleating mineral dust particles are relatively abundant.
                      The comparison with a climatological data set of aircraft
                      measurements shows that BN09 used in the cirrus regime
                      improves the model results and, therefore, is recommended
                      for future EMAC simulations.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-2018-62},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/852609},
}