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@ARTICLE{GordjiNejad:852906,
      author       = {Gordji-Nejad, Ali and Matusch, Andreas and Li, Shumei and
                      Kroll, Tina and Beer, Simone and Elmenhorst, David and
                      Bauer, Andreas},
      title        = {{P}hosphocreatine levels in the left thalamus decline
                      during wakefulness and increase after a nap},
      journal      = {The journal of neuroscience},
      volume       = {38},
      number       = {49},
      issn         = {0270-6474},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05693},
      pages        = {10552-10565},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The availability of phosphocreatine (PCr) and the ratio to
                      inorganic phosphate (Pi) in cerebral tissue has been
                      hypothesized a substrate of wakefulness and the exhaustion
                      thereof a substrate of fatigue. We used 31P-magnetic
                      resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to investigate quantitative
                      levels of PCr, the γ-signal of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
                      and Pi in 30 healthy humans (18 female) in the morning, in
                      the afternoon, and while napping (n = 15) versus wake
                      controls (n = 10).Levels of PCr (2.40 mM at 9 AM) decreased
                      by 7.0 ± 0.8 $\%$ (p = 7.1 × 10-6, t = -5.5) in the left
                      thalamus between 9 AM and 5 PM. Inversely, Pi (0.74 mM at 9
                      AM) increased by 17.1 ± 5 $\%,$ (p = .005, t = 3.1) and pH
                      levels dropped by 0.14 ± 0.07 (p = .002; t = 3.6).
                      Following a 20 min nap after 5 PM, local PCr, Pi and pH were
                      restored at morning levels. We did not find respective
                      significant changes in the contralateral thalamus or in
                      other investigated brain regions. Left hemispheric PCr
                      significantly undercut right only at 5 PM in the thalamus
                      but at all conditions in the temporal region.Thus cerebral
                      daytime- and sleep-related molecular changes are accessible
                      in vivo. Prominent changes were identified in the thalamus.
                      This region is highly loaded with a series of energy
                      consuming tasks such as the relay of sensory information to
                      the cortex. Furthermore, our data underline that
                      lateralization of brain function is regionally dynamic and
                      includes PCr.},
      cin          = {INM-2},
      ddc          = {590},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30282723},
      UT           = {WOS:000452156200014},
      doi          = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0865-18.2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/852906},
}